scholarly journals Complete Monitors for Behavioral Contracts

2012 ◽  
pp. 214-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Dimoulas ◽  
Sam Tobin-Hochstadt ◽  
Matthias Felleisen
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Contracts

Rate of Weight Gain of Inpatients with Anorexia Nervosa Under Two Behavioral Contracts

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 989-991
Author(s):  
Mary V. Solanto ◽  
Stanley Hertz ◽  
Marc S. Jacobson ◽  
Neville H. Golden ◽  
Lenore Heller
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Adolescent Medicine ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Chronic Medical Illness ◽  
Criterion Weight ◽  
Behavioral Contracts

Objective. To ascertain the rate of weight gain of inpatients with anorexia nervosa under two behavioral contracts, differing in criterion weight gain required to earn increasing privileges. Design. Follow-up comparison of cohorts receiving different interventions. Setting. Eating disorders service, operating on a general adolescent medicine unit. Patients. Patients admitted consecutively who met the following criteria: (1) weight at least 15% less than that expected for age, sex, and height; (2) female gender; (3) absence of chronic medical illness; (4) hospital stay of at least 28 days. Twenty-two patients meeting these criteria were treated between July 1987 and October 1988, when contract 1 was in effect. This cohort of patients was compared with a group of 31 patients, also meeting the these criteria, who were treated between November 1988 and December 1991, when contract 2 was in effect. Interventions. The behavioral contract, signed by the patient on admission, specifies the minimum 4-day weight gain necessary to earn increasing ward privileges, such as use of phone, frequency of visits, etc. Contracts 1 and 2 differed only in the 4-day weight gain criterion: 0.8 lb (0.36 kg) and 1.2 lb (0.55 kg), respectively. Results. The results of analysis of covariance, with admission weight as the covariate, revealed a significant interaction between contract and day, such that patients receiving contract 2 gained weight more rapidly (0.36 lb/d) than those receiving contract 1 (0.20 lb/d). There was no confounding difference between groups in the use of psychotropic medication, and no complications of refeeding in either group. Conclusion. Increasing the 4-day criterion weight gain from 0.8 to 12 lb in a behavioral contracting intervention was associated with a significant increase in the rate of weight gain, without an accompanying increase in complications of refeeding. This result simultaneously: (a) provides support for the efficacy of behavioral contracting and (b) reveals malleability in the rate of gain based on the targeted gain specified in the contract.

Correlates of adherence to behavioral contracts for cholesterol reduction

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 221-225
Author(s):  
Anne Victoria Neale ◽  
Steven P. Singleton ◽  
Mary H. Dupius ◽  
Joseph W. Hess
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Reduction ◽  
Behavioral Contracts

Computer‐generated written behavioral contracts with problem drinkers in primary medical care

2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Vinson ◽  
Amelia Devera‐Sales
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Problem Drinkers ◽  
Primary Medical Care ◽  
Behavioral Contracts

Operant Conditioning-Based Behavior Modification: One Approach to Treating Somatic Disorders

1975 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 241-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. LeBow
Keyword(s):  
Operant Conditioning ◽  
Behavior Modification ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Multifaceted Approach ◽  
Somatic Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Contracts

The applicability of behavior modification as a process for treating somatic difficulties is examined within the framework of measurement, modification, and evaluation. Illustrations of this process are presented throughout. In particular, the last section of the paper gives an example of a currently operative and multifaceted approach to the problem of obesity. Among the topics considered herein are the use of behavioral contracts that specify ameliorative weight reduction practices and the assessment as well as manipulation of eating speed.

scholarly journals Higher order symbolic execution for contract verification and refutation

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHÚC C. NGUYÊN ◽  
SAM TOBIN-HOCHSTADT ◽  
DAVID VAN HORN
Keyword(s):  
Symbolic Execution ◽  
Type Systems ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Control Flow ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Modular Verification ◽  
Automated Test Case Generation ◽  
Behavioral Contracts ◽  
Virtuous Cycle ◽  
And Control

AbstractWe present a new approach to automated reasoning about higher-order programs by endowing symbolic execution with a notion of higher-order, symbolic values. To validate our approach, we use it to develop and evaluate a system for verifying and refuting behavioral software contracts of components in a functional language, which we call soft contract verification. In doing so, we discover a mutually beneficial relation between behavioral contracts and higher-order symbolic execution. Contracts aid symbolic execution by providing a rich language of specifications serving as a basis of symbolic higher-order values; the theory of blame enables modular verification and leads to the theorem that verified components can't be blamed; and the run-time monitoring of contracts enables soft verification whereby verified and unverified components can safely interact. Conversely, symbolic execution aids contracts by providing compile-time verification and automated test case generation from counter-examples to verification. This relation between symbolic exuection and contracts engenders a virtuous cycle encouraging the gradual use of contracts.Our approach is able to analyze first-class contracts, recursive data structures, unknown functions, and control-flow-sensitive refinements of values, which are all idiomatic in dynamic languages. It makes effective use of off-the-shelf solvers to decide problems without heavy encodings. Counterexample search is sound and relatively complete with respect to a first-order solver for base type values and counter-examples are reported as concrete values, including functions. Therefore, it can form the basis of automated verification and bug-finding tools for higher-order programs. The approach is competitive with a range of existing tools—including type systems, flow analyzers, and model checkers—on their own benchmarks. We have built a prototype to analyze programs written in Racket and report on its effectiveness in verifying and refuting contracts.

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