Thermal Structure of Planetary Ionospheres

Abstract Four one-dimensional models which have been used to characterize surface mixed layer (ML) processes and the thermal structure are described. Although most any model can be calibrated to mimic surface water temperatures, it does not imply that the corresponding mixing processes are well described. Eddy diffusion or "K" models can exhibit this problem. If a ML model is to be useful for water quality applications, then it must be able to resolve storm events and, therefore, be able to simulate the ML depth, h, and its time rate of change, dh/dt. A general water quality model is derived from mass conservation principles to demonstrate how ML models can be used in a physically meaningful way to address water quality issues.

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INVESTIGATING THE SEISMIC AND THERMAL STRUCTURE OF THE CIRCUM-ARCTIC LITHOSPHERE AND ASTHENOSPHERE

10.1130/abs/2017am-294988 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Andrew J. Schaeffer ◽

◽

Sergei Lebedev ◽

Javier Fullea ◽

Pascal Audet

Keyword(s):

Thermal Structure

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THE COMPOSITIONAL AND THERMAL STRUCTURE OF THE LITHOSPHERE AND UPPER MANTLE BENEATH THE SUPERIOR CRATON: RESULTS FROM MULTI-OBSERVABLE PROBABILISTIC INVERSION

10.1130/abs/2020am-353031 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Riddhi Dave ◽

◽

Fiona Darbyshire ◽

Juan Carlos Afonso ◽

Khaled Ali

Keyword(s):

Upper Mantle ◽

Thermal Structure ◽

Superior Craton ◽

Probabilistic Inversion

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Thermal squeezing of the seismogenic zone controlled rupture of the volcano-rooted Flores Thrust

Science Advances ◽

10.1126/sciadv.abe2348 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. eabe2348

Author(s):

Karen Lythgoe ◽

Muzli Muzli ◽

Kyle Bradley ◽

Teng Wang ◽

Andri Dian Nugraha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Structure ◽

Critical Role ◽

Volcanic Edifice ◽

Seismic Array ◽

Temperature Gradients ◽

Seismogenic Zone ◽

Arc Volcano

Temperature plays a critical role in defining the seismogenic zone, the area of the crust where earthquakes most commonly occur; however, thermal controls on fault ruptures are rarely observed directly. We used a rapidly deployed seismic array to monitor an unusual earthquake cascade in 2018 at Lombok, Indonesia, during which two magnitude 6.9 earthquakes with surprisingly different rupture characteristics nucleated beneath an active arc volcano. The thermal imprint of the volcano on the fault elevated the base of the seismogenic zone beneath the volcanic edifice by 8 km, while also reducing its width. This thermal “squeezing” directly controlled the location, directivity, dynamics, and magnitude of the earthquake cascade. Earthquake segmentation due to thermal structure can occur where strong temperature gradients exist on a fault.

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