Efficient Design Strategies Based on the AES Round Function

2016 ◽  
pp. 334-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérémy Jean ◽  
Ivica Nikolić
Keyword(s):  
Efficient Design ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Round Function

scholarly journals Optimal Design Strategies for Sibling Studies with Binary Exposures

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhigang Li ◽  
Ian W. McKeague ◽  
Lambert H. Lumey
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Strategy ◽  
Optimal Strategies ◽  
Binary Outcomes ◽  
Binary Response ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Sibling Pairs ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Continuous Outcomes ◽  
Study Power

AbstractSibling studies have become increasingly popular because they provide better control over confounding by unmeasured family-level risk factors than can be obtained in standard cohort studies. However, little attention has been devoted to the development of efficient design strategies for sibling studies in terms of optimizing power. We here address this issue in commonly encountered types of sibling studies, allowing for continuous and binary outcomes and varying numbers of exposed and unexposed siblings. For continuous outcomes, we show that in families with sibling pairs, optimal study power is obtained by recruiting discordant (exposed–control) pairs of siblings. More generally, balancing the exposure status within each family as evenly as possible is shown to be optimal. For binary outcomes, we elucidate how the optimal strategy depends on the variation of the binary response; as the within-family correlation increases, the optimal strategy tends toward only recruiting discordant sibling pairs (as in the case of continuous outcomes). R code for obtaining the optimal strategies is included.

scholarly journals Ab Initio Prediction of High-Temperature Magnetic Relaxation Rates in Single-Molecule Magnets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Reta ◽  
Jon G. C. Kragskow ◽  
Nicholas Chilton
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Ab Initio ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Magnetic Relaxation ◽  
Quantitative Prediction ◽  
Relaxation Dynamics ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Relaxation Rates ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Single Molecule Magnets

<p>Organometallic molecules based on [Dy(Cp<sup>R</sup>)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>+</sup> cations have emerged as clear front-runners in the search for high-temperature single-molecule magnets. However, despite a growing family of structurally-similar molecules, these molecules show significant variations in their magnetic properties, demonstrating the importance of understanding magneto-structural relationships towards developing more efficient design strategies. Here we refine our <i>ab initio</i> spin dynamics methodology and show that it is capable of quantitative prediction of relative relaxation rates in the Orbach region. Applying it to all reported [Dy(Cp<sup>R</sup>)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>+</sup> cations allows us to tease out differences in their relaxation dynamics, highlighting that the main discriminant is the magnitude of the crystal field splitting. We subsequently employ the method to predict relaxation rates for a series of hypothetical organometallic sandwich compounds, revealing an upper limit to the effective barrier to magnetic relaxation of around 2200 K, which has been reached. However, we show that further improvements to single-molecule magnets can be made by moving vibrational modes off-resonance with electronic excitations.</p>

scholarly journals Different Façade Types and Building Integration in Energy Efficient Building Design Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-61
Author(s):  
Muammer Yaman
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Building Facade ◽  
Indoor Comfort ◽  
The Impact

Building façades play a major role in improving the effects of outdoor environment conditions on indoor comfort conditions. Façades, which are designed as energy efficiency, are created according to different performance parameters and can offer solutions appropriate for the climatic condition. This paper aims to describe and highlight the role of design and application determinants in building façade types according to energy efficiency in different climatic classes. For this purpose, 12 building façade types in different climate types were investigated and analyzed by a purposive or judgmental sampling technique. Façade analyses have been carried out by considering double skin, adaptive, photovoltaic panel, vertical green, media and structural membrane façades created as a result of developing technological opportunities. Balance of heat loss and gain, preventing overheating, providing daylight and natural ventilation, active and mechanical solutions for climate-sensitive, noise control, recycling and evaluating the initial investment cost are presented. With examinations, it has been determined that different façade systems are innovative construction systems in creating energy efficiency. It has been concluded that the effect of improving indoor comfort conditions of the building by controlling the outdoor environment conditions with the construction of different facade systems is very important in the architectural process. With the development of technology and smart systems, the impact of the façades on the climate analysis and energy efficient design strategies will be much more important in the future

scholarly journals Ab Initio Prediction of High-Temperature Magnetic Relaxation Rates in Single-Molecule Magnets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Reta ◽  
Jon G. C. Kragskow ◽  
Nicholas Chilton
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Ab Initio ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Magnetic Relaxation ◽  
Quantitative Prediction ◽  
Relaxation Dynamics ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Relaxation Rates ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Single Molecule Magnets

<p>Organometallic molecules based on [Dy(Cp<sup>R</sup>)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>+</sup> cations have emerged as clear front-runners in the search for high-temperature single-molecule magnets. However, despite a growing family of structurally-similar molecules, these molecules show significant variations in their magnetic properties, demonstrating the importance of understanding magneto-structural relationships towards developing more efficient design strategies. Here we refine our <i>ab initio</i> spin dynamics methodology and show that it is capable of quantitative prediction of relative relaxation rates in the Orbach region. Applying it to all reported [Dy(Cp<sup>R</sup>)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>+</sup> cations allows us to tease out differences in their relaxation dynamics, highlighting that the main discriminant is the magnitude of the crystal field splitting. We subsequently employ the method to predict relaxation rates for a series of hypothetical organometallic sandwich compounds, revealing an upper limit to the effective barrier to magnetic relaxation of around 2200 K, which has been reached. However, we show that further improvements to single-molecule magnets can be made by moving vibrational modes off-resonance with electronic excitations.</p>

Biochemistry of enhanced biological phosphorus removal and anaerobic COD stabilization

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 557-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.K. Erdal ◽  
U.G. Erdal ◽  
C.W. Randall
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Glycogen Metabolism ◽  
Glycogen Storage ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge ◽  
Direct Energy ◽  
Improved Design

Improved design strategies at BNR plants should include cost reductions so that the consumers and water authorities will be more willing to build EBPR plants instead of conventional activated sludge plants. Through efficient design, actual savings in construction and operation costs can be realized. For this reason, anaerobic stabilization of COD needs to be seriously considered during design for direct energy savings at the plants. The existence of anaerobic stabilization has been demonstrated through experimental work. Evaluation of operational data from existing plants has also indicated the definite presence of anaerobic stabilization at plants that include anaerobic zones for EBPR as part of their operation. By exploring the biochemical reactions taking place in EBPR process, particularly the involvement of the storage mechanisms for PHA, poly-P and glycogen storage, the potential mechanisms of the anaerobic stabilization of COD in EBPR systems was explored. The resultant balances pointed out the importance of glycogen metabolism in terms of conserving carbon and providing a sink for the reducing equivalents produced under aerobic conditions. This mechanism is different from those observed in anoxic-aerobic and conventional aerobic activated sludge systems, and appears to be at least partially responsible for the observed anaerobic stabilization of COD.

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