An informational sociobiological explanation of the constitution of the human body

Background: Pedro Ortiz (1933-2011), in the latest four decades of his life, developed the Informational Sociobiological Theory (IST) in a university teaching context that became the foundation of post-grade studies in neuroscience in Peru. The IST looks for a totality explanation of the phenomena of the universe proposes an explanation of the constitution of the human body. In what consist this explanation of the configuration of the human body? Methods: A bibliographical qualitative study was conducted starting from primary documental sources. It was considered among the sources, all related to the editorial project Books of Social Psychobiologic (elaborated by Ortiz during the first decade of this age). The results have been presented across a conceptual analysis, narrative and graphic, oriented to expose Ortiz’ ideas in relation to the human body’s morphology. Results: The structural architecture of the human body, and in particular in one person; shows five levels of complexity which begins in cells, the intercellular matrix, the neural system, the paleocortical psyche, and neocortical psyche. In this involve explanation, the organs of the body are essentially tissue systems, and are integrated (subsumed) at the neural level (which informationally goes through the plexuses, ganglia, and subcortical nuclei). The two levels of superior complexity to the neural system, are the space of the psychic activity, unconscious and conscious, which is suprastructurally to all bodily structures. Ortiz is settled on a different monism: that guides us to imagine and think that all psychic activity is suprastructural to the body. Conclusions: There is an original explanation of the human body within the IST. This informational morphology dialogues with the knowledge of biology, neurology, anatomy, physiology, embryology, and histology, and is proposed as a structuring element in all the conceptual architecture that represents the IST.

POINT-BASED MORPHOLOGICAL OPENING WITH INPUT DATA RETRIEVAL

Mathematical morphology is a technique recently applied directly for point cloud data. Its working principle is based on the removal and addition of points from an auxiliary point cloud that acts as a structuring element. However, in certain applications within a more complex process, these changes to the original data represent an unacceptable loss of information. The aim of this work is to provide a modification of the morphological opening to retain original points and attributes. The proposed amendment involved in the morphological opening: erosion followed by dilatation. In morphological erosion, the new eroded points are retained. In morphological dilation, the structuring element does not add its points directly, but uses the point positions to search through the previously eroded points and retrieve them for the dilated point cloud. The modification was tested on synthetic and real data, showing a correct performance at the morphological level, and preserving the precision of the original points and their attributes. Furthermore, the conservation is shown to be very relevant in two possible applications such as traffic sign segmentation and occluded edge detection.

Platform scams: Brazilian workers’ experiences of dishonest and uncertain algorithmic management

This article discusses how Brazilian platform workers experience and respond to platform scams through three case studies. Drawing from digital ethnographic research, vlogs/interviews of workers, and literature review, we argue for a conceptualization of “platform scam” that focuses on multiple forms of platform dishonesty and uncertainty. We characterize scam as a structuring element of the algorithmic management enacted by platform labor. The first case engages with when platforms scam workers by discussing Uber drivers’ experiences with the illusive surge pricing. The second case discusses when workers (have to) scam platforms by focusing on Amazon Mechanical Turk microworkers’ experiences with faking their identities. The third case presents when platforms lead workers to scam third parties, by engaging with how Brazilian click farm platforms’ workers use bots/fake accounts to engage with social media. Our focus on “platform scams” thus highlights the particular dimensions of faking, fraud, and deception operating in platform labor. This notion of platform scam expands and complexifies the understanding of scam within platform labor studies. Departing from workers' experiences, we engage with the asymmetries and unequal power relations present in the algorithmic management of labor.

Analysis of Image Processing Using Morphological Erosion and Dilation

Digital image processing is important for image information extraction. One of the image processing methods is morphological image processing. This technique uses erosion and dilation operations to enhance and improve the image quality by shrinking and enlarging the image foreground. However, morphological image processing performance depends on the characteristics of structuring elements and their foreground image that need to be extracted. This paper studies how the structuring elements affect the performance of morphological erosion and dilation on binary images. The experimental result shows that choosing the right structuring element for morphological erosion and dilation can significantly influence the foreground and background structure of the output image.

O lúdico na formação de professores de educação infantil: tecendo diálogos, aprendendo com as cantigas de roda

A importância da inclusão do lúdico e suas potencialidades para a construção da aprendizagem no contexto da Educação Infantil sempre desperta olhares e instiga diálogos e reflexões intensas entre educadores e suas práticas. Com vistas a tecer e ampliar o debate, o presente artigo é uma revisão bibliográfica e tem como objetivos pontuar a importância do lúdico na formação de professores; destacar a relevância do brincar para a criança na formação de professores de Educação Infantil e realçar a ludicidade das cantigas de roda como um instrumento capaz de construir saberes no processo do ensino e da aprendizagem. A metodologia realizada foi uma pesquisa bibliográfica, qualitativa e abordagem histórico-cultural, através de textos, artigos, dissertações, livros e documentos. Os aportes teóricos, como os de Brougère (1998), Charlot (2013), Huizinga (1990), Kishimoto (1997; 2005), Luckesi (2020), Martins (1993, 2003, 2012), Santos (2007), Vygotsky (1991, 2000), dentre outros teóricos, vêm fundamentar as nossas argumentações de que o professor precisa complementar sua formação técnica e pedagógica, com a formação lúdica como elemento estruturante do processo de ensinar e desencadeadores de aprendizagens significativas. A ludicidade se faz necessário porque a Educação Infantil precisa ser um espaço prazeroso, a infância é por excelência o momento da brincadeira e as cantigas de roda proporcionam alegria, prazer para as crianças e para os professores e que necessitam ter o seu espaço reservado e preservado na infância e na escola.Palavras-chave: Lúdico, Formação de professores, Educação Infantil, Cantigas de roda.The ludician in the training of children's education teachers: weaving dialogues, learning from the wheel singerABSTRACTThe importance of including playfulness and its potential for the construction of learning in the context of Early Childhood Education, always arouses glances and instigates intense dialogues and reflections, between educators and their practices. In order to weave and expand the debate, this article is a bibliographic review and aims to highlight the importance of playfulness in teacher education; to highlight the relevance of playing for the child in the formation of Early Childhood Education teachers and to highlight the playfulness of the cantigas de roda as an instrument capable of building knowledge in the teaching and learning process. The methodology used was a bibliographic, qualitative and historical-cultural approach, through texts, articles, dissertations, books and documents. Theoretical contributions, such as those by Brougère (1998), Charlot (2013), Huizinga (1990), Kishimoto (1997; 2005), Luckesi (2020), Martins (1993, 2003, 2012), Santos (1997), Vygotsky (1991, 2000), among other theorists, supports our arguments that the teacher needs to complement his technical and pedagogical training, with playful training as a structuring element of the teaching process and triggers of significant learning. Playfulness is necessary because Early Childhood Education needs to be a pleasurable space, childhood is the moment of play par excellence and the singing songs provide joy, pleasure for children and teachers and they need to have their space reserved and preserved in childhood and at school.Keywords: Playful, Teacher Training, Early Childhood Education, Cantigas de roda.El ludician en la formación de profesores de educación infantil: diálogos de techo, aprendiendo de las cantigas de rodaRESUMENLa importancia de incluir el juego y su potencial para la construcción del aprendizaje en el contexto de la Educación de la Primera Infancia, siempre despierta miradas e instiga intensos diálogos y reflexiones, entre los educadores y sus prácticas. Con el fin de tejer y expandir el debate, este artículo es una revisión bibliográfica y tiene como objetivo resaltar la importancia del juego en la formación docente; resaltar la relevancia de jugar para los niños en la formación de maestros de Educación Infantil y resaltar la alegría de las cantigas de roda como un instrumento capaz de construir conocimiento en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje. La metodología utilizada fue un enfoque bibliográfico, cualitativo e histórico-cultural, a través de textos, artículos, disertaciones, libros y documentos. Contribuciones teóricas, como las de Brougère (1998), Charlot (2013), Huizinga (1990), Kishimoto (1997, 2005), Luckesi (2020), Martins (1993, 2003, 2012), Santos (1997), Vygotsky (1991, 2000), entre otros teóricos, respalda nuestros argumentos de que el maestro necesita complementar su formación técnica y pedagógica, con la formación lúdica como elemento estructurante del proceso de enseñanza y desencadenantes del aprendizaje significativo. La diversión es necesaria porque la Educación de la Primera Infancia debe ser un espacio placentero, la infancia es el momento de jugar por excelencia y las canciones para cantar brindan alegría, placer a los niños y a los maestros, y necesitan tener su espacio reservado y preservado en la infancia y en la escuela.Palabras clave: Juguetón, Capacitación docente, Educación de la primera infancia, Cantigas de roda

An enhanced binarization framework for degraded historical document images

Binarization plays an important role in document analysis and recognition (DAR) systems. In this paper, we present our winning algorithm in ICFHR 2018 competition on handwritten document image binarization (H-DIBCO 2018), which is based on background estimation and energy minimization. First, we adopt mathematical morphological operations to estimate and compensate the document background. It uses a disk-shaped structuring element, whose radius is computed by the minimum entropy-based stroke width transform (SWT). Second, we perform Laplacian energy-based segmentation on the compensated document images. Finally, we implement post-processing to preserve text stroke connectivity and eliminate isolated noise. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method outperforms other state-of-the-art techniques on several public available benchmark datasets.

MENTAL SUFFERING AND HIGHER EDUCATION TEACHING IN NURSING

The living and health conditions of workers were directly impacted by the restructuring of the world of work. The increase in demands and the accumulation of work has led teachers to suffer, as well as other workers. For this reason, the article discusses the psychodynamics of work and studies on the field of education that involve teaching mental suffering and its relationship with nursing, relating it to teachers' work and health conditions. The objective is to present an expanded analysis of the review findings in the context of national literature on the subject, anchored in the theory of psychodynamics at work and theoretical reflections inserted in the dialogue. It is a theoretical study of systematic review with a qualitative approach, about mental suffering in higher education teachers in nursing to obtain knowledge produced in the area. Suffering is approached in different ways in the literature and can have a positive or negative meaning, with work as a structuring element of negative or positive effects on the worker's mental functioning and mental life. It was identified, therefore, that the production of teaching work in nursing can make this professional activity sick and requires defensive strategies designed to search for adequate solutions, aiming at the mental health of these workers.

Terahertz refractive index-based morphological dilation for breast carcinoma delineation

This paper reports investigations led on the combination of the refractive index and morphological dilation to enhance performances towards breast tumour margin delineation during conserving surgeries. The refractive index map of invasive ductal and lobular carcinomas were constructed from an inverse electromagnetic problem. Morphological dilation combined with refractive index thresholding was conducted to classify the tissue regions as malignant or benign. A histology routine was conducted to evaluate the performances of various dilation geometries associated with different thresholds. It was found that the combination of a wide structuring element and high refractive index was improving the correctness of tissue classification in comparison to other configurations or without dilation. The method reports a sensitivity of around 80% and a specificity of 82% for the best case. These results indicate that combining the fundamental optical properties of tissues denoted by their refractive index with morphological dilation may open routes to define supporting procedures during breast-conserving surgeries.