Approaches to the Economic Evaluation of Environmental Effects of PMPs: A General Introduction

Persistent Pollutants: Economics and Policy - Economy & Environment ◽

10.1007/978-94-011-3372-2_5 ◽

1991 ◽

pp. 43-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. B. Opschoor ◽

W. A. Hafkamp

Keyword(s):

Economic Evaluation ◽

Environmental Effects ◽

General Introduction

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Economic evaluation of the environmental effects of erosion

Agriculture and Environment ◽

10.1016/0304-1131(76)90004-7 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 21-29

Author(s):

M.K. Muthoo

Keyword(s):

Economic Evaluation ◽

Environmental Effects

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Bronchogenic carcinoma. General introduction

JAMA ◽

10.1001/jama.195.8.653 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 195 (8) ◽

pp. 653-654 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P. Rubin

Keyword(s):

Bronchogenic Carcinoma ◽

General Introduction

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Imaging molecules adsorbed onto electrodes under potential control by scanning probe microscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100086180 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 376-377 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

N.J. Tao ◽

J.A. DeRose ◽

P.I. Oden ◽

S.M. Lindsay

Keyword(s):

Surface Charge ◽

Environmental Effects ◽

Scanning Probe Microscopy ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Electrochemical Methods ◽

Surface Structures ◽

Scanning Probe ◽

Potential Control ◽

Afm Imaging ◽

Special Circumstances

Clemmer and Beebe have pointed out that surface structures on graphite substrates can be misinterpreted as biopolymer images in STM experiments. We have been using electrochemical methods to react DNA fragments onto gold electrodes for STM and AFM imaging. The adsorbates produced in this way are only homogeneous in special circumstances. Searching an inhomogeneous substrate for ‘desired’ images limits the value of the data. Here, we report on a reversible method for imaging adsorbates. The molecules can be lifted onto and off the substrate during imaging. This leaves no doubt about the validity or statistical significance of the images. Furthermore, environmental effects (such as changes in electrolyte or surface charge) can be investigated easily.

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