Monetary Policy Regimes, Central Bank Commitments, and International Policy Cooperation

Achieving Sustainable Financial Transactions under Regimes without a Central Bank—An Intertemporal Comparison

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13031071 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 1071

Author(s):

Emmanouil M. L. Economou ◽

Nikolaos A. Kyriazis

Keyword(s):

Monetary Policy ◽

Central Bank ◽

Classical Period ◽

Policy Regimes ◽

Financial Transactions ◽

Transactional Costs

In this paper, by performing an intertemporal comparison, we investigate two monetary policy regimes where a central bank is absent, and we further refer on the mechanisms they developed so as to ensure the reliability of transactions between the parties involved. In particular, we mainly focus on the economic–monetary institutions of Athens during the Classical period (508–322 BCE) and we argue that (in principle) there are inter-temporal similarities between the Athenian and the current digital currencies regimes regarding the auditing principles with which the reliability of financial transactions is ensured. We found that in both cases, what is crucial for the success of the system is to achieve trust on the currency. By focusing on Classical Athens, we analyze the nature of the mechanisms and the auditing techniques used to ensure reliable commercial transactions. We also briefly analyze the modern cryptocurrency techniques. We found that the success of both financial regimes was based on achieving: low transactional costs, speed in commercial transactions, and what we characterize as security regarding the commercial transactions.

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Global Financial Crisis and Its Impact on Russia

Voprosy Ekonomiki ◽

10.32609/0042-8736-2009-1-9-27 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 9-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

A. Kudrin

Keyword(s):

Monetary Policy ◽

Fiscal Policy ◽

Financial Crisis ◽

Central Bank ◽

Global Financial Crisis ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Real Economy ◽

Energy Prices ◽

Russian Government ◽

The Real

The article examines the causes of origin and manifestation of the current global financial crisis and the policies adopted in developed countries in 2007—2008 to deal with it. It considers the effects of the financial crisis on Russia’s economy and monetary policy of the Central Bank in the current conditions as well as the main guidelines for the fiscal policy under different energy prices. The measures for fighting the crisis that the Russian government and the Central Bank use to support the real economy are described.

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Monetary policy regimes in Russia: Guidelines for furtherquantitative studies

Voprosy Ekonomiki ◽

10.32609/0042-8736-2017-4-38-60 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 38-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

A. Pestova

Keyword(s):

Monetary Policy ◽

Exchange Rate ◽

Interest Rates ◽

Quantitative Research ◽

Policy Regimes ◽

Policy Effects ◽

Exchange Rate Targeting ◽

Basic Parameters

This paper analyzes the basic parameters of monetary policy in 2000-2015 in Russia. We provide the overview of tools and objectives of monetary policy of the Bank of Russia and identify the periods of homogeneity of monetary policy regimes: from money base targeting to exchange rate targeting and finally, to interest rates policy. On the basis of this research we develop the recommendations for further quantitative research aimed at estimation of monetary policy effects in Russia.

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Endogeneity of Monetary Policy Reaction Fun~tion: An Experience from Pakistan's Economy

The Pakistan Development Review ◽

10.30541/v30i4iipp.931-941 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 30 (4II) ◽

pp. 931-941

Author(s):

M. Aynul Hasan ◽

Qazi Masood Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Monetary Policy ◽

Central Bank ◽

Money Supply ◽

Relative Effectiveness ◽

Reaction Function ◽

Standard Result ◽

Policy Variable ◽

Target Values ◽

Monetary Policy Reaction Function ◽

Policy Reaction Function

Monetary policy, in general, refers to those steps taken by the Central Bank to achieve such broader objectives of the economy as growth, employment, external balance and price stability through changes in the money supply, interest rates and credit policies. The money supply thus created by the Central Bank should be in response to the changes in key macroeconomic target variables such as GNP, balance of payments, inflation, internal debt and unemployment. Indeed, a properly estimated monetary policy reaction function can provide useful information regarding such matters as to whether the Central Bank, in fact, has been systematically accommodating to the changes in the target variables. The reaction function can also provide insight into the question as to what should be the relevant indicators of the monetary policy. In addition, as argued by Havrilesky (1967), it may also play a crucial role in the formulation of long-term monetary policy strategy. The other important consideration in the development of a monetary policy reaction function pertains to the endogeneity of the monetary policy. As pointed out by Goldfeld and Blinder (1972), if a policy variable responds to the lagged (or expected) target values, then considering such a policy variable as exogenous would not only introduce the problem of misspecification but will also produce serious biases in the parameters estimated from those models. In particular, if the monetary policy variable happens to be strongly influenced by target variables, then the standard result of the relative effectiveness of the monetary policy vis-a-vis fiscal policy can be questionable on the grounds of reverse causation problem.

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