Protective Effect of the Mixture of Stem bark, Leaf and Root Extract of Bauhinia acuminata L. against Carbon tetrachloride induced Liver Damage in Wistar Albino Rats

Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of mixture of stem bark, leaf and root extract of Bauhinia acuminata L. using carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity model. Method: Powdered mixture materials were extracted with distilled water using soxhlet apparatus. The dried extracts were subjected to preliminary phytochemical analysis and the extracts were evaluated for acute oral toxicity by OECD guidelines 423.The aqueous extract at a dose level 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg were selected and administered to albino rats for hepatoprotective screening. Hepatotoxicity was induced by Carbon tetrachloride (1 ml/kg with CMC). Silymarin (100 mg/kg p. o) was used as the standard. Result: The preliminary phytochemical examination showed the presence of Alkaloids, Glycosides, Saponins, Flavanoids, Tannins, Aminoacids, Tryptophan, Quinones, Terpinoids, Starch, Vitamin C and Carbohydrates. Furthermore, the acute toxicity study results showed that the extracts were found to be safe up to 2000 mg/kg b. wt. The extract dose dependently shows hepatoprotective potential by restoring the elevated biochemical parameters. Conclusion: The results obtained from the study indicates that mixture of stem bark, leaves and root extract of Bauhinia acuminata L. possess promising hepatoprotective activity. The activity might be due the presence of the phytoconstituents including Alkaloids, Glycosides, Saponins, Flavanoids, Tannins, Aminoacids, Carbohydrates Terpinoids, Starch, Vitamin C, Tryptophan and Quinones in the extract. Further studies are required to identify the active principle responsible for the hepatoprotective activity.

Analysis on Bulk Pharmaceutical Formulation, Validation and Estimation Using Levetiracetam Methods

A new sensitive, specific, direct, exact and correct RP-HPLC technique is established and authenticated to estimate Levetiracetam in Majority and Pharmaceutical Tablet Formulations. An isocratic, turned around period HPLC system might have been created should differentiate the pill starting with the corruption products, Phenomenex Gemini 5µ C18 (2) 100A (250 x 4.60mm, 5 µ) section. Hamilton syringe (705 NR, 50 µL) might have been utilized to injecting example Furthermore standard result. The versatile stage comprises about mixture of Methanol: Acetonitrile in the proportion (90:10 v/v) toward A stream rate about 1.0 ml /min. UV identification might have been performed toward 210 nm. The linearity might have been made for Levetiracetam in the extent from claiming 5- 30µg/ml for relationship coefficient about 0.9997. LOD Also LOQ were found will make 0.076µg/ml Furthermore 0.23µg/ml individually. Maintenance duration of the time of Levetiracetam were found with make 2.281min and 2.274min. % recuperation might have been discovered on be 99.78-100.45 What's more %RSD might have been found for over ±2. Those system needs been approved as stated by ICH rules to linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness, ruggedness, LOD furthermore LOQ. Those produced approved system might have been effectively connected to dependable quantification about Levetiracetam to mass and pharmaceutical measurement type.

Physicians’ Perceptions of a Situation Awareness–Oriented Visualization Technology for Viscoelastic Blood Coagulation Management (Visual Clot): Mixed Methods Study

Background Viscoelastic tests enable a time-efficient analysis of coagulation properties. An important limitation of viscoelastic tests is the complicated presentation of their results in the form of abstract graphs with a multitude of numbers. We developed Visual Clot to simplify the interpretation of presented clotting information. This visualization technology applies user-centered design principles to create an animated model of a blood clot during the hemostatic cascade. In a previous simulation study, we found Visual Clot to double diagnostic accuracy, reduce time to decision making and perceived workload, and improve care providers’ confidence. Objective This study aimed to investigate the opinions of physicians on Visual Clot technology. It further aimed to assess its strengths, limitations, and clinical applicability as a support tool for coagulation management. Methods This was a researcher-initiated, international, double-center, mixed qualitative-quantitative study that included the anesthesiologists and intensive care physicians who participated in the previous Visual Clot study. After the participants solved six coagulation scenarios using Visual Clot, we questioned them about the perceived pros and cons of this new tool. Employing qualitative research methods, we identified recurring answer patterns, and derived major topics and subthemes through inductive coding. Based on them, we defined six statements. The study participants later rated their agreement to these statements on five-point Likert scales in an online survey, which represented the quantitative part of this study. Results A total of 60 physicians participated in the primary Visual Clot study. Among these, 36 gave an interview and 42 completed the online survey. In total, eight different major topics were derived from the interview field note responses. The three most common topics were “positive design features” (29/36, 81%), “facilitates decision making” (17/36, 47%), and “quantification not made” (17/36, 47%). In the online survey, 93% (39/42) agreed to the statement that Visual Clot is intuitive and easy to learn. Moreover, 90% (38/42) of the participants agreed that they would like the standard result and Visual Clot displayed on the screen side by side. Furthermore, 86% (36/42) indicated that Visual Clot allows them to deal with complex coagulation situations more quickly. Conclusions A group of anesthesia and intensive care physicians from two university hospitals in central Europe considered Visual Clot technology to be intuitive, easy to learn, and useful for decision making in situations of active bleeding. From the responses of these possible future users, Visual Clot appears to constitute an efficient and well-accepted way to streamline the decision-making process in viscoelastic test–based coagulation management.

Fertility, immigration, and lifetime wages under imperfect labor substitution

This paper provides new insights into the effect of birth cohort size on cohort lifetime wages and its sensitivity to the future trajectories of immigration and fertility. The main innovation is to relax the typical assumption of perfect substitution of labor by age. The effect of imperfect substitution of labor by age is to qualify the standard result that smaller birth cohorts are likely to enjoy relatively high wages since that result depends on the size of co-worker cohorts. The positive small cohort effect on lifetime wages therefore depends on demographic patterns, which are simulated here through low and high fertility and immigration projections. The analysis applies to actual and projected cohorts for Australia and tests the sensitivity to alternative demographic parameters, and the substitution and discount parameters. The effects of imperfect substitution can amount several percentage points of lifetime wages.

ROLE OF SCRAPE CYTOLOGY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF OVARIAN NEOPLASM AND CYTOHISTOLOGICAL CORRELATION OF OVARIAN NEOPLASM.

Aim To determine the role of scrape cytology in the diagnosis of ovarian neoplasm Material and method This was a prospective study at jlnmc duration of study was from nov 2019 to march 2020 on 100 solid/solid-cystic ovarian neoplasms sent in 10% buffered formalin, then stained with hematoxylin and eosin or Papanicolaou stains. Cytological results were compared with the histological diagnosis taking the latter as the gold standard. Result Among the 100 cases, the standard histopathological diagnosis confirmed 61 as benign, 5 as borderline and 34 as malignant lesion. The diagnostic concordance between cytological and histo pathological study was observed in 97 of the 100 cases. Characteristic cytological pattern was noted in various types of surface epithelial, sex cord stromal and germ cell tumors. The technique had limited value in mucinous tumors to distinguish borderline cases from invasive carcinoma. Conclusions IOC is a good complement to histopathology in the study of ovarian neoplasms, particularly in developing countries like ours, where the facility of frozen sections is often not available. Adequate knowledge on cyto-histological correlation of ovarian scrape cytology may phase out the use of cryostat in intraoperative diagnosis of ovarian neoplasms.

Validity Of Congo Red Agar And Modified Congo Red Agar To Detect Biofilm Of Enterococcus Faecalis

Purpose: Enterococcus faecalis causes nosocomial infections such as bacteremia, urinary tract infections, intra-abdominal infections, and endocarditis. These infection is associated with biofilm and intrinsically resistant to many antibiotics. This study aims to determine the validity of the CRA and MCRA for detecting biofilms of Enterococcus faecalis Method: This is a laboratory observational study with 30 sample of Enterococcus faecalis. We performed biofilm examination for Enterococcus faecalis by using Congo red Agar, Modified Congo red Agar and Microtitter Plate Assay as gold standard. Result: Both MCRA and CRA were compared MPA as a gold standard was obtained p value is 0.309 (p> 0.05), with a Kappa agreement coefficient is 0.067, which indicates there is no significant agreement to detect biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis. MCRA and CRA have almost no compatibility with MPA for biofilm forming of Enterococcus faecalis. Conclusion: Both MCRA and CRA has a very high sensitivity (100%), but the specificity is very low 6.67% for detecting the biofilms of Enterococcus faecalis. MCRA and CRA can not determine negativity well and it have a high false positive rate, so to increase specificity of biofilm forming, we must combine these method with the others. Keywords: Biofilm, Enterococcus faecalis, CRA, MCRA, MPA.

Gradient Method for Continuous Influence Maximization with Budget-Saving Considerations

Continuous influence maximization (CIM) generalizes the original influence maximization by incorporating general marketing strategies: a marketing strategy mix is a vector x = (x1, …, xd) such that for each node v in a social network, v could be activated as a seed of diffusion with probability hv(x), where hv is a strategy activation function satisfying DR-submodularity. CIM is the task of selecting a strategy mix x with constraint ∑ixi ≤ k where k is a budget constraint, such that the total number of activated nodes after the diffusion process, called influence spread and denoted as g(x), is maximized. In this paper, we extend CIM to consider budget saving, that is, each strategy mix x has a cost c(x) where c is a convex cost function, and we want to maximize the balanced sum g(x) + λ(k − c(x)) where λ is a balance parameter, subject to the constraint of c(x) ≤ k. We denote this problem as CIM-BS. The objective function of CIM-BS is neither monotone, nor DR-submodular or concave, and thus neither the greedy algorithm nor the standard result on gradient method could be directly applied. Our key innovation is the combination of the gradient method with reverse influence sampling to design algorithms that solve CIM-BS: For the general case, we give an algorithm that achieves (½ − ε)-approximation, and for the case of independent strategy activations, we present an algorithm that achieves (1 − 1/e − ε) approximation.

Physicians’ Perceptions of a Situation Awareness–Oriented Visualization Technology for Viscoelastic Blood Coagulation Management (Visual Clot): Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)

BACKGROUND Viscoelastic tests enable a time-efficient analysis of coagulation properties. An important limitation of viscoelastic tests is the complicated presentation of their results in the form of abstract graphs with a multitude of numbers. We developed Visual Clot to simplify the interpretation of presented clotting information. This visualization technology applies user-centered design principles to create an animated model of a blood clot during the hemostatic cascade. In a previous simulation study, we found Visual Clot to double diagnostic accuracy, reduce time to decision making and perceived workload, and improve care providers’ confidence. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the opinions of physicians on Visual Clot technology. It further aimed to assess its strengths, limitations, and clinical applicability as a support tool for coagulation management. METHODS This was a researcher-initiated, international, double-center, mixed qualitative-quantitative study that included the anesthesiologists and intensive care physicians who participated in the previous Visual Clot study. After the participants solved six coagulation scenarios using Visual Clot, we questioned them about the perceived pros and cons of this new tool. Employing qualitative research methods, we identified recurring answer patterns, and derived major topics and subthemes through inductive coding. Based on them, we defined six statements. The study participants later rated their agreement to these statements on five-point Likert scales in an online survey, which represented the quantitative part of this study. RESULTS A total of 60 physicians participated in the primary Visual Clot study. Among these, 36 gave an interview and 42 completed the online survey. In total, eight different major topics were derived from the interview field note responses. The three most common topics were “positive design features” (29/36, 81%), “facilitates decision making” (17/36, 47%), and “quantification not made” (17/36, 47%). In the online survey, 93% (39/42) agreed to the statement that Visual Clot is intuitive and easy to learn. Moreover, 90% (38/42) of the participants agreed that they would like the standard result and Visual Clot displayed on the screen side by side. Furthermore, 86% (36/42) indicated that Visual Clot allows them to deal with complex coagulation situations more quickly. CONCLUSIONS A group of anesthesia and intensive care physicians from two university hospitals in central Europe considered Visual Clot technology to be intuitive, easy to learn, and useful for decision making in situations of active bleeding. From the responses of these possible future users, Visual Clot appears to constitute an efficient and well-accepted way to streamline the decision-making process in viscoelastic test–based coagulation management.