Is the Arabic Mental Lexicon Morpheme-Based or Stem-Based? Implications for Spoken and Written Word Recognition

2014 ◽  
pp. 31-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Boudelaa
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Mental Lexicon ◽  
Written Word

The Relationship Between Speech-Language Impairments and Reading Disabilities

1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 948-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh W. Catts
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Word Recognition ◽  
Phonological Awareness ◽  
Reading Disabilities ◽  
Language Impairments ◽  
Rapid Automatized Naming ◽  
Reading Tests ◽  
Standardized Measures ◽  
Language Tests ◽  
Written Word

A group of children with speech-language impairments was identified in kindergarten and given a battery of speech-language tests and measures of phonological awareness and rapid automatized naming. Subjects were followed in first and second grades and administered tests of written word recognition and reading comprehension. The children with speech-language impairments were found to perform less well on reading tests than a nonimpaired comparison group. Subjects’ performance on standardized measures of language ability in kindergarten was observed to be closely related to reading outcome, especially reading comprehension. Measures of phonological awareness and rapid automatized naming, on the other hand, were found to be the best predictors of written word recognition. The implications of these findings for the early identification and remediation of reading disabilities are discussed.

Decomposition in a non-concatenated morphological structure involves more than just the roots: Evidence from fast priming

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avital Deutsch ◽  
Hadas Velan ◽  
Tamar Michaly
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Facilitatory Effect ◽  
Sentence Reading ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
Written Word ◽  
Complex Words ◽  
Phonological Unit ◽  
Word Pattern

Complex words in Hebrew are composed of two non-concatenated morphemes: a consonantal root embedded in a nominal or verbal word-pattern morpho-phonological unit made up of vowels or vowels and consonants. Research on written-word recognition has revealed a robust effect of the roots and the verbal-patterns, but not of the nominal-patterns, on word recognition. These findings suggest that the Hebrew lexicon is organized and accessed via roots. We explored the hypothesis that the absence of a nominal-pattern effect reflects methodological limitations of the experimental paradigms used in previous studies. Specifically, the potential facilitative effect induced by a shared nominal-pattern was counteracted by an interference effect induced by the competition between the roots of two words derived from different roots but with the same nominal-pattern. In the current study, a fast-priming paradigm for sentence reading and a “delayed-letters” procedure were used to isolate the initial effect of nominal-patterns on lexical access. The results, based on eye-fixation latency, demonstrated a facilitatory effect induced by nominal-pattern primes relative to orthographic control primes when presented for 33 or 42 ms. The results are discussed in relation to the role of the word-pattern as an organizing principle of the Hebrew lexicon, together with the roots.

Similarity neighbourhoods of words in young children's lexicons

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Charles-Luce ◽  
Paul A. Luce
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Mental Lexicon ◽  
Native English Speakers ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Auditory Word ◽  
Auditory Word Recognition

ABSTRACTSimilarity neighbourhoods for words in young children's lexicons were investigated using three computerized databases. These databases were representative of three groups of native English speakers: 5-year-olds, 7-year-olds, and adults. Computations relating to the similarity neighbourhoods of words in the children's and adult's lexicon revealed that words in the 5- and 7-year-olds' lexicons have many fewer similar neighbours than the same words analyzed in the adult lexicon. Thus, young children may employ more global recognition strategies because words are more discriminable in memory. The neighbourhood analyses provide a number of insights into the processes of auditory word recognition in children and the possible structural organization of words in the young child's mental lexicon.

scholarly journals ERPs Reflect Lexical Identification in Word Fragment Priming

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia K. Friedrich ◽  
Sonja A. Kotz ◽  
Angela D. Friederici ◽  
Thomas C. Gunter
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Spoken Word Recognition ◽  
Mental Lexicon ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Word Fragment ◽  
Target Pair ◽  
Auditory Word ◽  
Target Experiment ◽  
Behavioral Evidence ◽  
Prime Target

Behavioral evidence suggests that spoken word recognition involves the temporary activation of multiple entries in a listener's mental lexicon. This phenomenon can be demonstrated in cross-modal word fragment priming (CMWP). In CMWP, an auditory word fragment (prime) is immediately followed by a visual word or pseudoword (target). Experiment 1 investigated ERPs for targets presented in this paradigm. Half of the targets were congruent with the prime (e.g., in the prime-target pair: AM-AMBOSS [anvil]), half were not (e.g., AM-PENSUM [pensum]). Lexical entries of the congruent targets should receive activation from the prime. Thus, lexical identification of these targets should be facilitated. An ERP effect named P350, two frontal negative ERP deflections, and the N400 were sensitive to prime-target congruency. In Experiment 2, the relation of the formerly observed ERP effects to processes in a modality-independent mental lexicon was investigated by presenting primes visually. Only the P350 effect could be replicated across different fragment lengths. Therefore, the P350 is discussed as a correlate of lexical identification in a modality-independent mental lexicon.

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