Integrated Management of Urban Water Supply and Water Quality in Developing Pacific Island Countries

2015 ◽  
pp. 489-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian White ◽  
Tony Falkland
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Pacific Island ◽  
Urban Water Supply ◽  
Pacific Island Countries

The Relationship between Water-Related Disease and Water Quality with Particular Reference to Urban Water Supply in a Developing Country*

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-237
Author(s):  
B. J. Lloyd ◽  
D. C. Wheeler ◽  
M. Pardon
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Supply ◽  
Service Levels ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Water Borne

The problems of urban water supply and water related disease in the Americas are examined in the context of population growth and geographical features. The debate concerning the transmission of potentially water-borne pathogens is discussed. The factors affecting the quality of water supply services in a large metropolitan area (Lima) are described and the epidemiological characteristics of water-related disease summarised and compared with data from Africa (Lesotho). A water quality additive index is proposed in order to identify the level of risk for each metropolitan district. This incorporates the presence of faecal coliforms and the absence of chlorine residual. A water-related disease product index (DPI) is also proposed which incorporates the incidence of typhoid, hepatitis and diarrhoea. The indices were matched for all districts, where adequate data were available, and a strong correlation was noted. The water quality index was divided into categories (A,B,C) and it was observed that these were generally dependent upon the water supply service levels. It is concluded that disinfection control is grossly deficient in most developing countries but essential for the control of water-borne disease. * The full version of this article will appear in Water Science and Technology, 21(6/7), 579-591 (1989).

scholarly journals Managing Water Scarcity Futures: Identifying Factors Influencing Water Quality, Risk Perception and Daily Practices in Urban Environments after the Introduction of Desalination

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 2738
Author(s):  
Rubén Alejandro Villar-Navascués ◽  
Maria Christina Fragkou
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Supply ◽  
Quality Perception ◽  
Desalinated Water ◽  
Water Quality Perception

During the last two decades on a global scale, there has been a significant development of desalination as a strategy to ensure the urban water supply in arid and semi-arid areas. Beyond issues related to the higher economic costs, one of the main barriers that may limit this water source’s development is its supposed negative water quality perception. This research aims to understand better which factors are behind water quality perception in Antofagasta (Chile), where desalinated water was introduced in 2003. Since then, this urban water supply system has increasingly incorporated desalination, creating three parallel areas according to the water sources used in each of them (desalinated water, freshwater and a mix of both). To do so, more than 800 questionnaires to test water quality perception and water consumption habits were conducted in households. Up to six logistic regression models have been implemented to identify which variables better explain water quality satisfaction, risk perception and daily water practices considering the water supply area. It is worth noting that most of this type of research has been carried out in study cases with homogeneous urban water supply systems with conventional water resources. Results indicate that, among other factors, organoleptic water characteristics, such as taste, and socioeconomic status are some of the main factors that explain the perception of water quality and daily practices. In addition, a lower water quality perception and greater risk perception have been identified where desalinated water has been introduced, which makes some households develop averting behaviors to improve water quality, such as boil water.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Salmonella in drinking water samples of urban water supply system of Kathmandu

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 52-55
Author(s):  
Esha Shrestha ◽  
Dwij R Bhatta ◽  
Binod Lekhak
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Supply ◽  
Water Borne

Water-borne diseases are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries and around 2.2 million people die every year due to basic hygiene-related diseases, like gastroenteritis, diarrhea, typhoid and dysentery. Eighty-six water samples were randomly collected from urban water supply system of Kathmandu, and analyzed for physiochemical and microbiological parameters to assess drinking water quality. Residual chlorine was undetectable in 100% samples. Salmonella was detected in 4 samples by enrichment culture technique in Selenite F broth followed by plating on Salmonella-Shigella Agar. A total of 10 isolates were identified as Salmonella (S. Paratyphi, 10% and non-typhi, 90%) by conventional biochemical test. The majority of the isolates were susceptible to most of the antimicrobials tested; however, resistance was observed to amoxicillin (70%), cephalexin (20%) and ceftizoxime (14.28%). There was no significant relationship between coliform and Salmonella positivity (P = 0.366). The microbiological quality of urban water supply system is poor and indicates chances of outbreak of Salmonella infection. Key-words: drinking water quality; Nepal; water-borne disease; water pollution.DOI: 10.3126/botor.v6i0.2911 Botanica Orientalis - Journal of Plant Science (2009) 6: 52-55

scholarly journals Urban water supply automation – today and tomorrow

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustaf Olsson
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Human Hand ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Supply ◽  
Critical Feature ◽  
Sustainable Operations

Abstract Automation is a collection of a whole set of theories and methods to make a system work automatically as intended, in our case the urban water supply system. A critical feature of automation is the feedback principle: a sensor is measuring a certain variable, e.g. a concentration; a computer tests that the measurement is valid; a computer algorithm calculates and decides what should be corrected; a pump or valve or some other device transforms the decision to action. All of this is untouched by human hand. The ‘intention’, or the goal, must be provided to the controller. The key component of automation is the system that can represent any component or process in the water supply system and even the complete system. Automation technology always must be combined with a true understanding of people at all levels. Otherwise, there is a high risk for misunderstandings and failures. Three categories of problems are highlighted, where automation can contribute: uncertainty, feedback, and complexity. A key challenge is the handling of disturbances. Integrated management of the whole urban water cycle will be required in future urban areas to acquire sustainable operations. Automation is a crucial condition to make integration possible in complex systems.

Discussion on Security Problem of Water Quality of Urban Water Supply in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 3352-3354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Sen Sun ◽  
Dong Yang ◽  
Zai Qiang Lou ◽  
Yun Ting Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Supply ◽  
Security Problem

The security problem of water quality is the most important problem of the urban water supply and must be solved in China.The article discusses this question,analyzes its influence factors and puts forward several targeted measures.This article has important guiding significance and practical value for solving the security problem of water quality of urban water supply.

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