Polarized Light for Detection of Pathological Changes Within Biological Tissues

Author(s):  
Ani Stoilova ◽  
Dimana Nazarova ◽  
Blaga Blagoeva ◽  
Velichka Strijkova ◽  
Plamen Petkov
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Meglinski ◽  
Liliya Trifonyuk ◽  
Victor Bachinsky ◽  
Oleh Vanchulyak ◽  
Boris Bodnar ◽  
...  

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noé Ortega-Quijano ◽  
Félix Fanjul-Vélez ◽  
Irene Salas-García ◽  
José Luis Arce-Diego

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 20180052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien R. Mouchet ◽  
Charlotte Verstraete ◽  
Dimitrije Mara ◽  
Stijn Van Cleuvenbergen ◽  
Ewan D. Finlayson ◽  
...  

Upon illumination by ultraviolet light, many animal species emit light through fluorescence processes arising from fluorophores embedded within their biological tissues. Fluorescence studies in living organisms are however relatively scarce and so far limited to the linear regime. Multiphoton excitation fluorescence analyses as well as nonlinear optical techniques offer unique possibilities to investigate the effects of the local environment on the excited states of fluorophores. Herein, these techniques are applied for the first time to study of the naturally controlled fluorescence in insects. The case of the male Hoplia coerulea beetle is investigated because the scales covering the beetle’s elytra are known to possess an internal photonic structure with embedded fluorophores, which controls both the beetle’s coloration and the fluorescence emission. An intense two-photon excitation fluorescence signal is observed, the intensity of which changes upon contact with water. A third-harmonic generation signal is also detected, the intensity of which depends on the light polarization state. The analysis of these nonlinear optical and fluorescent responses unveils the multi-excited states character of the fluorophore molecules embedded in the beetle’s elytra. The role of form anisotropy in the photonic structure, which causes additional tailoring of the beetle’s optical responses, is demonstrated by circularly polarized light and nonlinear optical measurements.


2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirmalya Ghosh ◽  
Michael F. G. Wood ◽  
Shu-hong Li ◽  
Richard D. Weisel ◽  
Brian C. Wilson ◽  
...  

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 15-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Christian Gasser ◽  
Ray W Ogden ◽  
Gerhard A Holzapfel

Constitutive relations are fundamental to the solution of problems in continuum mechanics, and are required in the study of, for example, mechanically dominated clinical interventions involving soft biological tissues. Structural continuum constitutive models of arterial layers integrate information about the tissue morphology and therefore allow investigation of the interrelation between structure and function in response to mechanical loading. Collagen fibres are key ingredients in the structure of arteries. In the media (the middle layer of the artery wall) they are arranged in two helically distributed families with a small pitch and very little dispersion in their orientation (i.e. they are aligned quite close to the circumferential direction). By contrast, in the adventitial and intimal layers, the orientation of the collagen fibres is dispersed, as shown by polarized light microscopy of stained arterial tissue. As a result, continuum models that do not account for the dispersion are not able to capture accurately the stress–strain response of these layers. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to develop a structural continuum framework that is able to represent the dispersion of the collagen fibre orientation. This then allows the development of a new hyperelastic free-energy function that is particularly suited for representing the anisotropic elastic properties of adventitial and intimal layers of arterial walls, and is a generalization of the fibre-reinforced structural model introduced by Holzapfel & Gasser (Holzapfel & Gasser 2001 Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng . 190 , 4379–4403) and Holzapfel et al . (Holzapfel et al . 2000 J. Elast . 61 , 1–48). The model incorporates an additional scalar structure parameter that characterizes the dispersed collagen orientation. An efficient finite element implementation of the model is then presented and numerical examples show that the dispersion of the orientation of collagen fibres in the adventitia of human iliac arteries has a significant effect on their mechanical response.


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shijie Yan ◽  
Steven L Jacques ◽  
Jessica C. Ramella-Roman ◽  
Qianqian Fang

Significance: Monte Carlo (MC) methods have been applied for studying interactions between polarized light and biological tissues, but most existing MC codes supporting polarization modeling can only simulate homogeneous or multi-layered domains, resulting in approximations when handling realistic tissue structures. Aim: Over the past decade, the speed of MC simulations has seen dramatic improvement with massively-parallel computing techniques. Developing hardware-accelerated MC simulation algorithms that can accurately model polarized light inside 3-D heterogeneous tissues can greatly expand the utility of polarization in biophotonics applications. Approach: Here we report a highly efficient polarized MC algorithm capable of modeling arbitrarily complex media defined over a voxelated domain. Each voxel of the domain can be associated with spherical scatters of various radii and densities. The Stokes vector of each simulated photon packet is updated through photon propagation, creating spatially resolved polarization measurements over the detectors or domain surface. Results: We have implemented this algorithm in our widely disseminated MC simulator, Monte Carlo eXtreme (MCX). It is validated by comparing with a reference CPU-based simulator in both homogeneous and layered domains, showing excellent agreement and a 931-fold speedup. Conclusion: The polarization-enabled MCX (pMCX) offers biophotonics community an efficient tool to explore polarized light in bio-tissues, and is freely available at http://mcx.space/.


2021 ◽  
Vol 88 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
M. V. Kostylev ◽  
S. L. Rybalko ◽  
A. A. Vladimirov ◽  
N. V. Chukhraiev ◽  
G. V. Terehov ◽  
...  

Objective. Determination of the virus-cidal and bacterio-cidal action of the ozone-containing steam-water mixture, which was obtained, using apparatus POS-1, simulated on viral models of transmissive gastroenteritis of pigs of the coronaviruses family and polyresistant clinical strains of bacterial cultures, as well as adjustment of optimal parameters of ozone in the gaseous mixture content, which do not cause pathological changes in the organism’s organs and systems. Materials and methods. Apparatus POS-1, created by collective of Scientific-Methodical Centre «Medical Innovation Technologies»», was applied for production of the ozone-containing gaseous mixture. Virusological investigations were conducted on the base of the Institute of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases named after L. V, Gromashevskiy. As a working material the models of virus of the pigs transmissive gastroenteritis of the coronaviruses family were applied. The series of bacteriological and experimental investigations were conducted on the base of Shalimov National Institute of Surgery and Transplantology NAMS of Ukraine. Polyresistant cultures in concentration of 108 colony-creating units per 1 ml were applied for bacteriological investigations. The experiment was conducted on white rats to study the gaseous ozone-containing mixture affection on living biological tissues. Results. Virusological investigations have shown, that in the 20 minutes exposition and a contact with extracellular virus the infection titer have lowered in 100 000 times, and in a 30 minutes exposition - a complete deactivation of virus have had occurred. Bacteriological investigations have revealed the complete absence of the cultures development after their processing with the ozone-containing mixture during 20 min. The results of swimming tests and behavioral reactions in white rats of control and experimental groups did not differ. Histological investigations of the respiratory organs tissues as well as of spleen, thyroid gland, kidneys and suprarenal glands did not reveal pathological effects of the ozone-containing mixture. Conclusion. Parameters of the ozone generation and delivery in the gaseous mixture content were studied and optimally selected. Investigations of the ozone-containing mixture affection on a viral strain of the coronaviruses family, as well as bacteriological investigations on polyresistant bacterial cultures have had confirmed its pronounced virus-cidal and bactericidal properties. Application of the ozone-containing mixture do not cause any pathological changes in the living organism organs and systems. This gaseous mixture may be used for prevention and treatment of respiratory infectious diseases of viral and bacterial genesis.


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