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2022 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsabry Abu Amra ◽  
Sohir Ali Abd El Rehim ◽  
Fakhr Mostafa Lashein ◽  
Heba Seleem Shoaeb

Abstract Background Animal venoms have been known as a source of drugs beneficial to human health. Accordingly, this study was designed to determine the effect of bradykinin potentiating factor (BPF) separated from honey bee venom, Apis mellifera on histological structure, thyroid and male sex hormones of the thyroid gland and testis in a model of hypothyroid male white rats induced by carbimazole. Results This study includes male rats divided into 6 main and sub-groups (10 rats in each group). Control group, carbimazole group, levothyroxine group, BPF group, carbimazole group treated with levothyroxine and carbimazole group treated with BPF. At the end of experiments (60 days) rats were sacrificed and dissected; the blood was collected for determination of thyroid and male sex hormones. Also, the thyroid gland and testis were taken to histological study. The results indicated that, carbimazole group showed a highly significant decrease in thyroid hormones (T4, T3, Ft4 and Ft3) and male sex hormones (LH, FSH and testosterone), but a significant increase in TSH compared to control group. The results revealed that, treated groups with levothyroxine or BPF have significant increase in thyroid and male sex hormones and significant decreasein TSH. A significant improvement was detected in co-treated groups (hypothyroid groups) with levothyroxine or (BPF). Also, the present study showed a histopathological change in thyroid gland and testis of hypothyroid male rats. Conclusion Treated hypothyroid rats with levothyroxine as a drug and BPF as a natural product showed an improvement of these complications induced by carbimazole in thyroid gland and testis. Therefore, BPF may be benefical in treatment of hypothyroidism.


2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 361
Author(s):  
Abdurrahman Hasyim Asy’ari ◽  
Anny Setijo Rahaju ◽  
Arifa Mustika

This research aimed to analyze the histopathology (tubular necrosis and proteinaceous casts) and renal function (SCr and BUN) differences of male Wistar strain white rats (Rattus norvegicus) after intravascular injection of iodinated contrast media Iohexol and Iopamidol. This research is an experimental laboratory with a post-test only control group design. Male Wistar rats that fit the criteria were divided into three groups by random sampling technique: Control (K), Treatment 1 (P1, Iohexol 350 mg iodine/mL), and Treatment 2 (P2, Iopamidol 370 mg iodine/mL). Iohexol and Iopamidol were injected at a dose of 1600 mg iodine/kg BW. The histopathology differences were observed under a light microscope with a magnification of 400x, which were analyzed semi-quantitatively through slides formed by the paraffin method and H&E staining. SCr and BUN levels were checked using an automatic analysis machine with blood samples taken through the cardiac ventricle. Kruskal-Wallis test (α= 0.05) on renal histopathology scores, both tubular necrosis and protein casts showed Asymp. Sig. value > 0.05, which means there is no significant difference between the groups (K, P1, and P2). Kruskal-Wallis test (α= 0.05) on SCr levels also showed the Asymp. Sig. value > 0.05 and One-Way ANOVA Comparative Test on BUN levels showed the Sig. value > 0.05 which means there is no significant difference in renal function between the groups. This study proved no difference in histopathology and renal function in Wistar rats after injection of iodinated contrast media Iohexol and Iopamidol.


2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
Bon L.I ◽  
Maksimovich N.Ye ◽  
Dremza I.K. ◽  
Lychkovskaya Maria A

Objectives: To conduct a comparative analysis of respiration of mitochondria of brain homogenates of rats with stepwise subtotal cerebral ischemia with different duration between ligations of both common carotid arteries. Methods: The experiments were performed on 24 male mongrel white rats weighing 260 ±20 g. Cerebral ischemia (CI) was simulated under intravenous thiopental anesthesia (40-50 mg/kg). The control group consisted of falsely operated rats of similar sex and weight. To study mitochondrial respiration, the brain was extracted in the cold (0-4°C), dried with filter paper, weighed and homogenized in an isolation medium containing 0.32 M sucrose, 10 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7.4 (in a ratio of 1:10), using Potter-Evelheim homogenizer with Teflon pestle according to the modified method. To prevent systematic measurement errors, brain samples from the compared control and experimental groups of animals were studied under the same conditions. Results: Stepwise SCI with an interval of 1 and 3 days between bandages of both OCA leads to damage to the neurons of the parietal cortex and hippocampus of rats, which manifests itself in a decrease in their size, deformation of the pericaryons, an increase in the number of shrunken neurons and shadow cells. The most pronounced changes were observed in the subgroup with an interval between dressings of 1 day. These changes were similar to the changes in SCI (p>0.05), except for the absence of cells with pericellular edema in the hippocampus and a smaller number of them in the parietal cortex. SCI with an interval between WASP dressings of 7 days, on the contrary, it is manifested by less pronounced histological changes, especially in the hippocampus. Conclusion: In cerebral ischemia, damage to the inner mitochondrial membrane occurs due to activation of free radical oxidation processes. Damage to the inner mitochondrial membrane, in turn, leads to an increase in its permeability and a decrease in the level of the proton gradient due to the transition of protons along the concentration gradient through the resulting nonspecific pores into the mitochondrial matrix. As a result, the efficiency of ATP synthesis decreases, and more substrates and oxygen are required to maintain the intermembrane potential under these conditions.


2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
V. Shestakova ◽  
L. Nigmatullina ◽  
I. Atadzhanov ◽  
S. Donskov ◽  
Yu. Kozlovskaya ◽  
...  

Relevance: Noticeable spreading of malignant neoplasms of upper section of digestive system and the worsening of these patients’ quality of life in case of late diagnostics stimulate the development of protocols for early detection of precancerous changes. The purpose of the study was to investigate the morphological characteristics of changes in the squamous epithelium of the upper part of the digestive tube in model organisms under provoked carcinogenesis when exposed to substances with proven carcinogenic activity. Methods: 40 female nonlinear white rats obtained from the Orekhovo-Zuevsky urban settlement veterinary station were used as model organisms. The rats were divided into 4 equal groups. The first control group was not exposed to any specific influences. In groups 2-4, the rats underwent sedation and mechanical scarification microtraumatization of the oral mucosa. Then, they were applied twice a week by 0.9% NaCl solution (control group 2), 1% aqueous solution of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, Akrikhin, Russia) (control group 3), or 1% aqueous solution of DMSO containing 0.1 mg/ml 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (4- NQO, Acros Organics, USA) (experimental group 4). Results: The cytological picture associated with chronic trauma to the mucous membrane of the upper digestive tract was characterized by nonspecific reactions: inflammation, hyper- and parakeratosis, and atrophic changes. There were no statistically significant differences in the frequency of such changes between the experimental and control groups. Specific changes in squamous epithelium towards a precancerous state in the experimental group with chronic exposure to a substance with carcinogenic activity occurred significantly more often than in the control groups (p <0.05), as proven by the results of comparative histological verification. Conclusion: Cytological study can be offered for clinical study as a screening tool for precancerous oropharynx and upper esophagus conditions


2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-186
Author(s):  
Yithro Serang ◽  
Virda Laili

Antioxidants are substances counteracting the effects of free radicals. Antioxidants are formed in several forms, encompassing vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals. Genjer or yellow velvet leaves (Limnocharis Flava) is an aquatic plant potentially beneficial alternative to natural antioxidants. This study aims to measure the antioxidant effect from the yellow velvetleaf ethanol extract on malondialdehyde (MDA) activities in livers of diabetic rats (Rattus novergicus) induced by alloxan in three different doses. The tested animals were randomly divided into five groups comprising six white rats previously induced with alloxan by intra-peritoneal injection. Group 1 was the negative control provided 0.5% CMC Na while group 2 was a positive control administered 0.45 mg glibenclamide. On the other hand, groups 3, 4, and 5 were the experimental groups that provided the extract of yellow velvetleaf as many as 32.5 mg/kg body weight (BW) ethanol, 65 mg/kg BW ethanol extract, and 130 mg/kg BW, respectively. Furthermore, the extracts were administered once on the 7th, 14th, and 21st days; the parameters observed were MDA activities in the rats’ livers. The Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARs) method was then employed to investigate these actions. The one-way ANOVA was administered to examine the acquired data from the examination, followed by a post hoc test. The average points of the MDA level from group 1 to group 5 were 10.78 0.33, 3.71 + 0.19, 7.25 + 0.26, 5.76 + 0.25, and 4.01 + 0.22, correspondingly, according to the results. The one-way ANOVA test revealed that MDA levels in each test group were significantly different (p 0.05). Based on these findings, it may be concluded that feeding ethanol extract from yellow velvet leaves to diabetic rats reduces MDA levels in their livers, therefore preserving cells from harm.


KOVALEN ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-168
Author(s):  
Tien Wahyu Handayani ◽  
Agustinus Widodo ◽  
Risna Yanti ◽  
Erdy Prasetyo ◽  
Zulfaidah ◽  
...  

The snake fruit peel (Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss) traditionally has several health benefits, one of which is to treat diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to determine the content of secondary metabolites in the ethanolic extract of snake fruit peel and its activity on glucose and urea creatinine levels in male white rats (Rattus norvegicus). Phytochemical screening of extracts was carried out qualitatively and quantitatively using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry. This study is a laboratory experimental study using 30 test animals divided into 6 treatment groups (normal control, negative control, positive control, 70 mg/kg BW, 140 mg/kg BW, and 280 mg/kg BW). The results showed that the ethanol extract of the bark of the salak fruit contained 7.61 %w/w alkaloids, flavonoids 0.041% w/w, tannins 1.18% w/w, and saponins 2% w/w. Ethanol extract of salak fruit peel dose of 140 mg/kg BW affected decreasing blood glucose and urea creatinine levels. The skin of the salak fruit has the potential to be further investigated as an antidiabetic.


2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
O.A. Polyvyana ◽  
V.I. Shepitko ◽  
Ye.V. Stetsuk ◽  
O.Ye. Akimov ◽  
O.S. Yakushko ◽  
...  

In recent years, researchers have focused on the problem of the dependence of the functioning of various organs and systems on the level of androgens. The effect of long inhibition of testosterone synthesis by triptorelin on liver tissue is poorly understood. The aim of this research was to establish the microscopic organization of rat livers, production of nitric oxide and the intensity of oxidative stress in the rat livers during experimental central deprivation of luteinizing hormone synthesis by diphereline injection on the 270-360th day of the experiment. The experiments were carried out on 30 sexually mature male white rats of the Wistar line. Rats were divided into 2 groups: the control group (10) and the experimental group (20). Animals from the experimental group were subcutaneously injected triptorelin at a dose of 0.3 mg of the active substance/ per kg of body weight for 360 days, while the control group received an injection of saline. It was found that oxidative stress develops in hepatocytes, which is morphologically confirmed by karyopyknosis of the nuclei, oxyphilia of the cytoplasm with the appearance of a significant number of vacuoles in it. The vessels of the microcirculatory bed react with stasis. An increase in the production of superoxide radical anion in rat liver may be due to the absence of an inhibitory effect of testosterone on macrophages and liver mitochondria, which is accompanied by depletion of antioxidant enzymes and the development of oxidative stress. The intensity of biochemical markers of oxidative stress on the 360th day is lower than on the 270th day, which is due to an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes and a decrease in the production of reactive oxygen species.


Morphologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-174
Author(s):  
M.N. Tsytovskyi ◽  
M.V. Logash ◽  
I.I. Savka ◽  
G.M. Dmytriv

Background. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, as well as coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral artery disease (probably caused by atherosclerosis), are the leading cause of disability and mortality in people with diabetes. Objective. The purpose of our study was to determine the histostructural features and morphometric analysis of the components of the aortic wall and its hemomicrocirculatory bed after 2 and 4 weeks of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. Methods. The samples for the histology were the sections of the wall of the ascending part, the aortic arch, and the descending part of the aorta of 26 mature white male rats weighing 100 - 160 g. For morphometric examination, a series of images of the aortic wall was taken using a Meiji MT4300 LED microscope with an x40 objective, x10 eyepiece. Results and conclusion. The measurements were carried out using the ImageJ software. The development of micro- and macroangiopathies in experimental animals with 8-week streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus was histologically proved. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference of all morphometric parameters of both - the components of the aortic wall and the vessels of its hemomicrocirculatory bed after 4 weeks of experimental diabetes in comparison with the norm, control, and the 2-nd week of the experiment. An explicit dependency of the severity of destructive changes in the wall of the aorta and links of its hemomicrocirculatory bed of vessels on the duration of the experiment was determined.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 608-613
Author(s):  
Yuli Susana ◽  
Lucia Tri Suwanti ◽  
Lianny Nangoi

Most animal owners provide fatty food with high cholesterol level that exceeds the needs of their pets. The pattern of giving a high-fat diet causes interference with the cholesterol synthesis in the body. It can damage the liver by causing fatty degeneration, hepatic cirrhosis, and eventually necrosis of the liver. The purpose of the current study was to determine the effectiveness of Purslane extract (Portulaca oleracea L.) on the liver histopathological image of white rats (Rattus norvegicus) with a high-fat diet. The current study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design on 20 males white mouses (Rattus norvegicus) divided into five treatment groups. There were two control groups, the first group received standard feed (Pellet) and Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sodium 1%, while the second was given standard feed and a high-fat diet. Three treatment groups which included P1, P2, P3 were given standard feed, a high-fat diet, and purslane extract solution with 54 mg/day, 108 mg/day, and 216 mg/day, respectively. Research results from the mean rank of fatty degeneration which was measured using the Kruskal Wallis test presented significant differences, and the results from the mean of fatty degeneration using the Mann Whitney test did not indicate any significant difference. Liver cell necrosis from the two tests presented a significant difference. Purslane extract (Portulaca oleracea L.) was confirmed to be effective in reducing or decreasing hepatocyte cell damage after receiving a high-fat diet.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg P. Pugach ◽  
Alexander M. Lunegov ◽  
Irina V. Lunegova

In the system of veterinary and sanitary measures, disinfection occupies one of the important places, contributing to ensuring the welfare of animal husbandry against infectious diseases, increasing the productivity of animals, poultry and the sanitary quality of products, raw materials and animal feed. The main purpose of disinfection is to break the epizootic chain by influencing its most important link - the factor of transmission of the causative agent of the disease from the source of infection to the susceptible organism. Based on the foregoing, we were assigned the goal of studying the characteristics of the new domestic disinfectant AQUAdez-NUK 5, and to achieve this goal, one of the tasks was to study acute toxicity. In order to study the acute toxicity of AQUAdes-NUK 5 when administered orally, experiments were carried out on male Wister white rats weighing 220-230 g. at doses of 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5500 mg / kg. For the experiments, the rats were divided into groups of 10 animals. 10 animals were used to study each dosage for each disinfectant. One group of ten animals served as a control, which was injected with 0.9% sodium chloride solution. The disinfectant was injected in pure form. After administration, the laboratory animals were monitored for two weeks. The experiment took into account the death of animals and the clinical picture of intoxication. In the course of laboratory studies, we determined that AQUAdez-NUK 5 belongs to the III hazard class in accordance with GOST 12.1.007-76 (moderately hazardous compounds), as well as the presence of a weak irritant effect, and therefore we took appropriate safety measures during work with this disinfectant.


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