Pre-1997: National Survival Strategy

2021 ◽  
pp. 153-178
Author(s):  
Kanzhen Li
Author(s):  
David Whetham

Between 2007 and 2011, Wootton Bassett, a small Wiltshire town in the UK, became the focus of national attention as its residents responded to the regular repatriations of dead soldiers through its High Street. The town’s response came to symbolize the way that broader attitudes developed and changed over that period. As such, it is a fascinating case study in civil–military relations in the twenty-first century. Success may be the same as victory, but victory, at least as it has been traditionally understood, is not a realistic goal in many types of contemporary conflict. Discretionary wars—conflicts in which national survival is not an issue and even vital national interests may not be at stake—pose particular challenges for any government which does not explain why the cost being paid in blood and treasure is ‘worth it’.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifat Ofir-Birin ◽  
Hila Ben Ami Pilo ◽  
Abel Cruz Camacho ◽  
Ariel Rudik ◽  
Anna Rivkin ◽  
...  

AbstractPathogens are thought to use host molecular cues to control when to initiate life-cycle transitions, but these signals are mostly unknown, particularly for the parasitic disease malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum. The chemokine CXCL10 is present at high levels in fatal cases of cerebral malaria patients, but is reduced in patients who survive and do not have complications. Here we show a Pf ‘decision-sensing-system’ controlled by CXCL10 concentration. High CXCL10 expression prompts P. falciparum to initiate a survival strategy via growth acceleration. Remarkably, P. falciparum inhibits CXCL10 synthesis in monocytes by disrupting the association of host ribosomes with CXCL10 transcripts. The underlying inhibition cascade involves RNA cargo delivery into monocytes that triggers RIG-I, which leads to HUR1 binding to an AU-rich domain of the CXCL10 3’UTR. These data indicate that when the parasite can no longer keep CXCL10 at low levels, it can exploit the chemokine as a cue to shift tactics and escape.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradip Kumar Tarafdar ◽  
Avijit Sardar ◽  
Aritraa Lahiri ◽  
Mithila Kamble ◽  
Amirul I. Mallick

The Lancet ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 365 (9461) ◽  
pp. 754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean HD Fasel ◽  
Philippe Morel ◽  
Philippe Gailloud
Keyword(s):  

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 602-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Hardesty ◽  
Timothy Black

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