Evidence for a mounting sex pheromone in the brown ear tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Neuman 1901 (Acari: Ixodidae)

1994 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 331-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. C. Hamilton ◽  
E. Papadopoulos ◽  
S. J. Harrison ◽  
C. M. Lloyd ◽  
A. R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
Ear Tick ◽  
Mounting Sex Pheromone

East Coast Fever

2021 ◽  
pp. 195-220
Author(s):  
Sammy Gichuhi Ndungu ◽  
Sebastian K. Waruri ◽  
James M. Wanjohi
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
East Coast Fever ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
Drug Companies ◽  
Ear Tick ◽  
The Cost

East coast fever, a disease of cattle caused by the protozoan parasite Theileria parva and transmitted by the three-host tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (the brown ear tick), is a major constraint to cattle production in Eastern, Central, and Southern Africa. In Kenya it is the most important tick-borne disease and a major constraint in cattle productivity. This is due to the high morbidity and mortality it causes in susceptible herds, the cost of control of the vector ticks, and the cost of treatment of clinical cases. Animals that recover from the disease also suffer from reduced productivity which can be long term. The limited distribution of the tick and the disease to only East, Central and Southern Africa also means that the market for therapeutic drugs and acaricides is small. Therefore, drug companies are not keen on funding research and development of new drug and acaricide molecules when resistance occurs.

scholarly journals Repellent Activities of Essential Oils of Some Plants Used Traditionally to Control the Brown Ear Tick,Rhipicephalus appendiculatus

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wycliffe Wanzala ◽  
Ahmed Hassanali ◽  
Wolfgang Richard Mukabana ◽  
Willem Takken
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Ethnobotanical Survey ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Tagetes Minuta ◽  
Ear Tick ◽  
Climbing Assay ◽  
Study Dose

Essential oils of eight plants, selected after an ethnobotanical survey conducted in Bukusu community in Bungoma County, western Kenya (Tagetes minuta, Tithonia diversifolia, Juniperus procera, Solanecio mannii, Senna didymobotrya, Lantana camara, Securidaca longepedunculata, andHoslundia opposita), were initially screened (at two doses) for their repellence against brown ear tick,Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, using a dual-choice climbing assay. The oils ofT. minutaandT. diversifoliawere then selected for more detailed study. Dose-response evaluations of these oils showed thatT. minutaoil was more repellent (RD50= 0.0021 mg) than that ofT. diversifolia(RD50= 0.263 mg). Gas chromatography-linked mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analyses showed different compositions of the two oils.T. minutaoil is comprised mainly ofcis-ocimene (43.78%), dihydrotagetone (16.71%), piperitenone (10.15%),trans-tagetone (8.67%), 3,9-epoxy-p-mentha-1,8(10)diene (6.47%),β-ocimene (3.25%), andcis-tagetone (1.95%), whereasT. diversifoliaoil is comprised mainly ofα-pinene (63.64%),β-pinene (15.00%), isocaryophyllene (7.62%), nerolidol (3.70%), 1-tridecanol (1.75%), limonene (1.52%), and sabinene (1.00%). The results provide scientific rationale for traditional use of raw products of these plants in controlling livestock ticks by the Bukusu community and lay down some groundwork for exploiting partially refined products such as essential oils of these plants in protecting cattle against infestations withR. appendiculatus.

The effect of the brown ear-tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus on the growth of Sanga and European Breed cattle

1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A.I. Norval ◽  
R.W. Sutherst ◽  
J. Kurki ◽  
J.D. Gibson ◽  
J.D. Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
European Breed ◽  
Ear Tick

Potential of ear tags impregnated with acaricides for control of the brown ear tick (Rhipicephalus appendiculatus) infesting cattle

Parasitology ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Young ◽  
J. J. De Castro ◽  
Casey Burns ◽  
D. L. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Prolonged Release ◽  
Synthetic Pyrethroids ◽  
Rapid Control ◽  
Effective Level ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Ear Tick ◽  
Release Devices

Plastic ear tags impregnated with acaricides (synthetic pyrethroids; fenvalerate, 10% (w/w); fenpropathrin, 10% (w/w); fiuvalinate, 10% (w/w); and permethrin, 8% (w/w)) were evaluated for the control of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus infesting cattle in the laboratory and field in Kenya. These controlled release devices gave excellent control of R. appendiculatus for over 20 weeks on cattle in the laboratory where they were housed mostly indoors. Fluvalinate-impregnated tags gave consistently the most rapid control of ticks, but all of the tags normally prevented feeding of the ticks on the ears of cattle. Under field conditions in the Trans-Mara Division of Kenya, excellent control of R. appendiculatus naturally infested cattle was obtained by fluvalinate-impregnated tags followed by fenpropathrin. Less impressive control was obtained by fenvalerate- and permethrin-impregnated tags, but this control was more effective than immersion of cattle in toxaphene. In contrast to the laboratory experiments, the effect of the tags on R. appendiculatus infestation waned by 58 days after application. The potential of synthetic pyrethroid-impregnated tags for the control of ticks infesting cattle in Africa was demonstrated, but a more prolonged release of the active ingredients at an effective level in the field and, in some cases, a more robust tag design will have to be achieved before tick control with impregnated tags becomes a practical proposition.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document