An optimization-based approach to the interpretation of single line drawings as 3D wire frames

The principles of tandem scanning reflected light microscopy and the design of recent instruments are fully described elsewhere and here only briefly. The illuminating light is intercepted by a rotating aperture disc which lies in the intermediate focal plane of a standard LM objective. This device provides an array of separate scanning beams which light up corresponding patches in the plane of focus more intensely than out of focus layers. Reflected light from these patches is imaged on to a matching array of apertures on the opposite side of the same aperture disc and which are scanning in the focal plane of the eyepiece. An arrangement of mirrors converts the central symmetry of the disc into congruency, so that the array of apertures which chop the illuminating beam is identical with the array on the observation side. Thus both illumination and “detection” are scanned in tandem, giving rise to the name Tandem Scanning Microscope (TSM). The apertures are arranged on Archimedean spirals: each opposed pair scans a single line in the image.

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The Effect of Symbol Background Color on the Speed of Locating Targets by Adults Without Disabilities: Implications for Augmentative and Alternative Communication Display Design

Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups ◽

10.1044/2019_persp-19-00017 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 1482-1488

Author(s):

Jennifer J. Thistle

Keyword(s):

Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽

Reaction Times ◽

The Other ◽

Background Color ◽

Alternative Communication ◽

Display Design ◽

Line Drawings ◽

Research With Children ◽

Study Participants ◽

Perceptual Factors

Purpose Previous research with children with and without disabilities has demonstrated that visual–perceptual factors can influence the speech of locating a target on an array. Adults without disabilities often facilitate the learning and use of a child's augmentative and alternative communication system. The current research examined how the presence of symbol background color influenced the speed with which adults without disabilities located target line drawings in 2 studies. Method Both studies used a between-subjects design. In the 1st study, 30 adults (ages 18–29 years) located targets in a 16-symbol array. In the 2nd study, 30 adults (ages 18–34 years) located targets in a 60-symbol array. There were 3 conditions in each study: symbol background color, symbol background white with a black border, and symbol background white with a color border. Results In the 1st study, reaction times across groups were not significantly different. In the 2nd study, participants in the symbol background color condition were significantly faster than participants in the other conditions, and participants in the symbol background white with black border were significantly slower than participants in the other conditions. Conclusion Communication partners may benefit from the presence of background color, especially when supporting children using displays with many symbols.

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The Permian Insect Fossils of Elmo, Kansas . By R oy J. B eckemeyer , 2000 (Emporia, KS: Emporia State University) The Kansas School Naturalist Vol. 46(1) [Pp. 15 with a reference section and numerous bw photographs and line drawings]. Price free (so long as copies last) but may involve a copying and postage charge. 0022-877X.

Journal of Natural History ◽

10.1080/00222930310001618958 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol -1 (1) ◽

pp. 1-1

Author(s):

Paul Brain

Keyword(s):

State University ◽

Line Drawings ◽

Insect Fossils ◽

Reference Section

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Lexical Access Problems Lead to Disfluencies in Speech

Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie) ◽

10.1027/1618-3169/a000021 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 57 (3) ◽

pp. 169-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Robert J. Hartsuiker ◽

Lies Notebaert

Keyword(s):

Lexical Access ◽

Picture Naming ◽

Language Production ◽

Line Drawings ◽

Name Agreement ◽

Access Problems ◽

Agreement Condition

A picture naming experiment in Dutch tested whether disfluencies in speech can arise from difficulties in lexical access. Speakers described networks consisting of line drawings and paths connecting these drawings, and we manipulated picture name agreement. Consistent with our hypothesis, there were more pauses and more self-corrections in the low name agreement condition than the high name agreement condition, but there was no effect on repetitions. We also considered determiner frequency. There were more self-corrections and more repetitions when the picture name required the less frequent (neuter-gender) determiner “het” than the more frequent (common-gender) determiner “de”. These data suggest that difficulties in distinct stages of language production result in distinct patterns of disfluencies.

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