scholarly journals Tomato resistance to Alternaria stem canker: localization in host genotypes and functional expression compared to non-host resistance

1989 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. A. Witsenboer ◽  
E. G. van de Griend ◽  
J. B. Tiersma ◽  
H. J. J. Nijkamp ◽  
J. Hille
Keyword(s):  
Host Resistance ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Functional Expression ◽  
Alternaria Stem Canker

scholarly journals Tomato susceptibility to Alternaria stem canker: Parameters involved in host-specific toxin-induced leaf necrosis

Plant Science ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanneke M.A. Witsenboer ◽  
Karen M. Kloosterziel ◽  
Guus Hateboer ◽  
H.John J. Nijkamp ◽  
Jacques Hille
Keyword(s):  
Stem Canker ◽  
Leaf Necrosis ◽  
Alternaria Stem Canker

Sphingosine-related mycotoxins in plant and animal diseases

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (S1) ◽  
pp. 459-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Gilchrist ◽  
Richard M. Bostock ◽  
Hong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Ceramide Synthase ◽  
Sucrose Transport ◽  
Aal Toxin ◽  
Aal Toxins ◽  
Alternaria Stem Canker

The AAL-toxins and fumonisins are a group of chemically related phytotoxic congeners produced by Alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici and Fusarium moniliforme, respectively, that also are widespread mycotoxins with important health implications. These mycotoxins, which bear a structural relationship to the sphingoid base, sphingosine, also incite maladies in animals ranging from neoplasms to renal, neural, and hepatic necrosis. A. alternata f. sp. lycopersici causes the Alternaria stem canker disease in tomatoes, while F. moniliforme causes pink ear rot of maize and is associated with post-harvest contamination of many different food staples. These toxins are potent inhibitors of ceramide synthase in plants and animals. Sphingoid bases are mediators of signal transduction leading to neoplasms and necrosis in animals. Significant inhibition of ceramide synthase in microsomal preparations of tomato occurs at 20 nM with an I50 in the range of 35–40 nM for both AAL-toxin, TA, and fumonisin, FB1. In plants, specific alterations of physiological processes associated with cellular response to these toxins appears to be required for cell death. A net decrease in sucrose influx to treated leaves occurs within 4 h of AAL-toxin treatment. Untreated leaves of toxin-resistant and -sensitive isolines of tomato show significant differences in sucrose transport capacity. Exogenous application of sucrose transport inhibitors mimicked AAL-toxin symptoms and enhanced cell death in susceptible lines of tomato. Conversely, the accumulation of the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACQ occurred in 1 h and increased rapidly during the next 6 h after exposure to AAL-toxin. ACC accumulation is followed by a burst in ethylene within 12 h. Application of specific inhibitors of ethylene synthesis or ethylene action results in a decrease in toxin-induced cell death. These toxins appear to be useful tools for defining biochemical and molecular features common to induced cell death in both plants and animals. Key words: AAL-toxins, fumonisins, mycotoxins, host-selective toxins, Alternaria stem canker, Alternaria alternata, Fusarium moniliforme.

Inhibition of Alternaria stem canker on tomato by essential oils from Baccharis species

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 781-790
Author(s):  
Elisa Zorzi Tomazoni ◽  
Rute T. S. Ribeiro ◽  
Gabriel F. Pauletti ◽  
Geraldo L. G. Soares ◽  
Joséli Schwambach
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Alternaria Stem Canker

scholarly journals Overexpression of FBR 41 enhances resistance to sphinganine analog mycotoxin‐induced cell death and Alternaria stem canker in tomato

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyong Shao ◽  
Yanting Zhao ◽  
Lihong Liu ◽  
Shanshan Chen ◽  
Chuanyou Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Alternaria Stem Canker

scholarly journals The Asc locus for resistance to Alternaria stem canker in tomato does not encode the enzyme aspartate carbamoyltransferase

1993 ◽  
Vol 240 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bert Overduin ◽  
Saskia A. Hogenhout ◽  
Erik A. van der Biezen ◽  
Michel A. Haring ◽  
H. John J. Nijkamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Canker ◽  
Aspartate Carbamoyltransferase ◽  
Asc Locus ◽  
Alternaria Stem Canker

scholarly journals Horizontal Chromosome Transfer, a Mechanism for the Evolution and Differentiation of a Plant-Pathogenic Fungus

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1732-1738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasunori Akagi ◽  
Hajime Akamatsu ◽  
Hiroshi Otani ◽  
Motoichiro Kodama
Keyword(s):  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Hybrid Strain ◽  
Dispensable Chromosome ◽  
Tomato Pathotype ◽  
Aal Toxin ◽  
Cdc Genes ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length ◽  
Alternaria Stem Canker

ABSTRACT The tomato pathotype of Alternaria alternata produces host-specific AAL toxin and causes Alternaria stem canker on tomato. A polyketide synthetase (PKS) gene, ALT1, which is involved in AAL toxin biosynthesis, resides on a 1.0-Mb conditionally dispensable chromosome (CDC) found only in the pathogenic and AAL toxin-producing strains. Genomic sequences of ALT1 and another PKS gene, both of which reside on the CDC in the tomato pathotype strains, were compared to those of tomato pathotype strains collected worldwide. This revealed that the sequences of both CDC genes were identical among five A. alternata tomato pathotype strains having different geographical origins. On the other hand, the sequences of other genes located on chromosomes other than the CDC are not identical in each strain, indicating that the origin of the CDC might be different from that of other chromosomes in the tomato pathotype. Telomere fingerprinting and restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses of the A. alternata strains also indicated that the CDCs in the tomato pathotype strains were identical, although the genetic backgrounds of the strains differed. A hybrid strain between two different pathotypes was shown to harbor the CDCs derived from both parental strains with an expanded range of pathogenicity, indicating that CDCs can be transmitted from one strain to another and stably maintained in the new genome. We propose a hypothesis whereby the ability to produce AAL toxin and to infect a plant could potentially be distributed among A. alternata strains by horizontal transfer of an entire pathogenicity chromosome. This could provide a possible mechanism by which new pathogens arise in nature.

Tobacco Mosaic Virus-Infected Tissue

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 510-511
Author(s):  
Egbert W. Henry
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Vein Clearing ◽  
Basal Septum ◽  
Concentration Levels

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infection has been studied in several investigations of Nicotiana tabacum leaf tissue. Earlier studies have suggested that TMV infection does not have precise infective selectivity vs. specific types of tissues. Also, such tissue conditions as vein banding, vein clearing, liquification and suberization may result from causes other than direct TMV infection. At the present time, it is thought that the plasmodesmata, ectodesmata and perhaps the plasmodesmata of the basal septum may represent the actual or more precise sites of TMV infection.TMV infection has been implicated in elevated levels of oxidative metabolism; also, TMV infection may have a major role in host resistance vs. concentration levels of phenolic-type enzymes. Therefore, enzymes such as polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase and phenylalamine ammonia-lyase may show an increase in activity in response to TMV infection. It has been reported that TMV infection may cause a decrease in o-dihydric phenols (chlorogenic acid) in some tissues.

Hypersensitive lignification response as the mechanism of non-host resistance of wheat against oat crown rust

1990 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno M. Moerschbacher ◽  
Ulrike Noll ◽  
Carlos A. Ocampo ◽  
Berenike E. Flott ◽  
Uwe Gotthardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Resistance ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Oat Crown Rust
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