Structural organization of the human cerebral cortex prior to the appearance of the cortical plate

1983 ◽  
Vol 168 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Marin-Padilla
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Cortical Plate ◽  
Human Cerebral Cortex

STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE HUMAN CEREBRAL CORTEX. 1.

1961 ◽  
Vol 47 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 74-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P. Schadé ◽  
Willy B. Van Groenigen
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Human Cerebral Cortex

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical markers of neural progenitor cells in the early embryonic human cerebral cortex

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Vinci ◽  
A. Ravarino ◽  
V. Fanos ◽  
A.G. Naccarato ◽  
G. Senes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Neural Progenitor Cells ◽  
Ventricular Zone ◽  
Cortical Plate ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Human Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Radial Glial Cells ◽  
Immunohistochemical Markers ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded

<p>The development of the human central nervous system represents a delicate moment of embryogenesis. The purpose of this study was to analyze the expression of multiple immunohistochemical markers in the stem/progenitor cells in the human cerebral cortex during the early phases of development.  To this end, samples from cerebral cortex were obtained from 4 human embryos of 11 weeks of gestation. Each sample was formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded and immunostained with several markers including GFAP, WT1, Nestin, Vimentin, CD117, S100B, Sox2, PAX2, PAX5, Tβ4, Neurofilament, CD44, CD133, Synaptophysin and Cyclin D1. Our study shows the ability of the different immunohistochemical markers to evidence different zones of the developing human cerebral cortex, allowing the identification of the multiple stages of differentiation of neuronal and glial precursors. Three important markers of radial glial cells are evidenced in this early gestational age: Vimentin, Nestin and WT1. Sox2 was expressed by the stem/progenitor cells of the ventricular zone, whereas the postmitotic neurons of the cortical plate were immunostained by PAX2 and NSE. Future studies are needed to test other important stem/progenitor cells markers and to better analyze differences in the immunohistochemical expression of these markers during gestation.</p>

C-fos, ERK1/2, MAP2, NOTCH1 Proteins Expression Patterns in Human Cerebral Cortex Neurons after Ischemic Stroke

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-233
Author(s):  
Svetlana P. Sergeeva ◽  
Aleksey V. Lyundup ◽  
Valery V. Beregovykh ◽  
Petr F. Litvitskiy ◽  
Aleksey A. Savin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Immunohistochemical Method ◽  
Left Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Contralateral Hemisphere ◽  
Human Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Fos Protein ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Indirect Immunoperoxidase

Background. The search for protein (these include c-fos, ERK1/2, MAP2, NOTCH1) expression that provide neuroplasticity mechanisms of the cerebral cortex after ischemic stroke (IS) patterns is an urgent task. Aims to reveal c-fos, ERK1/2, MAP2, NOTCH1 proteins expression patterns in human cerebral cortex neurons after IS. Materials and methods. We studied 9 left middle cerebral artery (LMCA) IS patients cerebral cortex samples from 3 zones: 1 the zone adjacent to the necrotic tissue focus; 2 zone remote from the previous one by 47 cm; 3 zone of the contralateral hemisphere, symmetric to the IS focus. Control samples were obtained from 3 accident died people. Identification of targeted proteins NSE, c-fos, ERK1/2, MAP2, NOTCH1 was performed by indirect immunoperoxidase immunohistochemical method. Results. Moving away from the ischemic focus, there is an increase in the density of neurons and a decrease in the damaged neurons proportion, the largest share of c-fos protein positive neurons in zone 2, NOTCH1 positive neurons in zone 1, smaller fractions of ERK1/2 and MAP2 positive neurons compared to the control only in samples of zone 1. Conclusions. With the IS development, the contralateral hemisphere is intact tissue increased activation zone, while the zones 1 and 2 have pathological activation signs. In zone 1 of the range, the adaptive response of the tissue decreases, and in zone 2 it expands. Therefore, a key target for therapeutic intervention is zone 2.

scholarly journals Measurements of the anaplerotic rate in the human cerebral cortex using13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy and [1-13C] and [2-13C] glucose

2007 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme F. Mason ◽  
Kitt Falk Petersen ◽  
Robin A. de Graaf ◽  
Gerald I. Shulman ◽  
Douglas L. Rothman
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Human Cerebral Cortex
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