Introduction
: Middle meningeal artery (MMA) anatomy has very important surgical implications during endovascular and open based skull procedures. Various anatomical origins have been identified in the literature besides its most common origin as the largest branch of the maxillary artery. It runs parallel and close contact of the lateral skull face therefore during trauma to this area is prone to rupture resulting in subdural hemorrhage(SDH). In our case report, we present its peculiar origin from anterior inferior cerebellar artery which has never been reported before. The origin of MMA may reflects the risk involved with embolization therapy for chronic SDH.
Methods
: A case of MMA originated form AICA. A literature review was conducted of reports of MMA origins.
Results
: A 35‐year‐old male with a history of alcohol abuse presented to the ED after falling down from the stairs. In the ED, the patient had multiple episodes of seizures along with respiratory distress therefore was intubated due to concern of airway protection. CT head showed bilateral SDH. Patient underwent diagnostic angiogram for possible bilateral embolization of MMA. During the procedure, the left MMA origin was seen from the AICA whereas the right MMA arising from the external carotid artery. Embolization of the left MMA was aborted. Patient remained intubated and was later transferred to a long term care facility.
Conclusions
: In the last 80 years, the anatomy of the MMA has been part of the discussion of various literature. Seeger et.al, highlighted the embryological changes manifested as anastomosis between Sphenomaxillary artery and lateral pontine artery resulting in origin of MMA from Basilar artery along with absence of foramen spinosum. Since 1973, multiple literature highlighted the origin of MMA including the lacrimal artery, ICA, ascending pharyngeal artery, opthalmic and occipital arteries. Recently, In 2011 Kuruvuilla et.al showed the origin of MMA from posterior inferior cerebellar artery. MMA clinical significance can be seen in multiple diseases. Older populations with chronic subdural hematomas, embolization of MMA has shown to be a less invasive and cost effective procedure. In patients with anterior and middle cranial fossa meningiomas embolization of MMA has been a crucial part of management. Similarly, understanding of its anatomy is also important while treating MMA aneurysm or pseudoaneurysms. In our case, the origin of middle meningeal artery from AICA has been significant as it supplies the posterior fossa structures and was not reported in the literature before, hence the procedure was aborted. This anatomical variant has shown us a new light upon embryological evolution and has helped us widen the horizons of our approach towards brain vasculature. This finding will help the future Interventionists to develop new ways of embolization of the MMA and understanding its anatomy.
Development of Unusual Collateral Channel From the Posterior Meningeal Artery After Endovascular Proximal Occlusion of the Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery
