Antifouling adaptations of marine shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea): Functional morphology and adaptive significance of antennular preening by the third maxillipeds

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Functional Morphology ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
The Third ◽  
Marine Shrimp

Social learning and the significance of mixed-species flocks of chickadees (Parus spp.)

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 1275-1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Krebs
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Food Item ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
The Third ◽  
Mixed Species Flocks ◽  
Species Flocks ◽  
Experienced Bird

The experiments described in this paper show that two species of chickadees learn from one another about the location and nature of potential feeding places when they are foraging together in mixed flocks in large aviaries. In the first experiment, I show that when an individual of one species finds a single food item, members of the other species modify their foraging behavior over the next few seconds so that they put more effort into searching near the site of the find. This applies to both species. Further, members of both species modify their foraging behavior when a bird of the other species searches in a place unsuccessfully. This response to an unsuccessful search is similar to, but weaker than, the response to a food find. The second experiment shows that when the two species are trained to forage in different positions in the experimental trees, they converge in their foraging behavior when they are put in mixed flocks, This is a result of copying. The third experiment shows that individuals of both species are more likely to discover a completely new foraging place if they are in the presence of an experienced bird of the other species.I discuss these results in relation to theories on the adaptive significance of flocking, and conclude that learning about potential feeding places from other species is an important function of mixed flocks, at least for some species. This does not exclude the possibility of other functions of mixed flocks.

Functional Morphology of the Upper and Lower Eyelids, Third Eyelid, Lacrimal Gland and Superficial Gland of the Third Eyelid in the Red Kangaroo (Macropus rufus)

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Klećkowska-Nawrot ◽  
Karolina Goździewska-Harłajczuk ◽  
Karolina Barszcz ◽  
Maciej Janeczek
Keyword(s):  
Functional Morphology ◽  
Lacrimal Gland ◽  
The Third ◽  
Red Kangaroo ◽  
Macropus Rufus

Functional and adaptive significance of differentially expressed lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in tissues of four obligatory air-breathing Channa species

Biologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riaz Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Heat Inactivation ◽  
Channa Punctata ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ldh Isoenzymes ◽  
General Order ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Isoenzymes

AbstractThis study investigates the differential expression of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes in the genus Channa using PAGE. With the help of obligate air-breathing, all of the selected species can sustain water deprivation to varying degrees. In subunit composition and higher electrophoretic mobility of LDH-A4, the profiles of channid species were similar to other teleosts documented in the literature. However, inter- and intra-species differences, with particular reference to aerobic/anaerobic metabolic options, existed. Whereas glycolysis in Channa punctata appears to depend largely on aerobic LDH-B and partly on anaerobic LDH-A, metabolism in C. gachua, C. striata and C. marulius depends exclusively on the activity of anaerobic LDH-A. Expression of the third locus Ldh-C was recorded in the eyes of C. marulius, in addition to C. gachua. Heat inactivation experiments reveal species differences between LDH isoenzymes and a general order of the relative stabilities: LDH-C > DH-B > LDH-A. Metabolic and evolutionary implications of the findings have also been discussed.

Functional morphology of mouthparts and gastric mill of Ibacus peronii (Leach) (Palinura : Scyllaridae)

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 931 ◽  
Author(s):  
IM Suthers ◽  
DT Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Functional Morphology ◽  
Benthic Invertebrates ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Gastric Mill ◽  
Animal Food ◽  
Small Prey ◽  
The Third ◽  
Animal Remains ◽  
Size And Structure

I. Peronii is a scavenger on small benthic invertebrates and animal remains. The mouthparts are less complex than those of some palinurans, as shown by their simple setation and fusion of endites, but have a broad endopod on the third maxillipeds. In the maceration and ingestion of soft animal remains, the mouthparts function as in other palinurans. How the mouthparts collect small prey is not yet known. The proventriculus of I. Peronii is simplified in the number, size and structure of its ossicles as compared with Jasus novaehollandiae and J. lalandei. The action of the gastric mill in I. Peronii is described. The relation between mouthpart structure, proventriculus structure and diet is discussed for I. Peronii and other palinurans. I. Peronii is specialized by simplification of the masticatory structures in relation to the soft and small animal food available at the surface of sublittoral sands and muds.

scholarly journals The “Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology” Journal Club Series: PhysioMechanics of Human Locomotion

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Grazia Maugeri ◽  
Velia D’Agata ◽  
Federico Roggio ◽  
Cristina Cortis ◽  
Andrea Fusco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Morphology ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Journal Club ◽  
Human Locomotion ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Board Members ◽  
The Third

We are glad to introduce the Third Journal Club of Volume five, the third issue. This edition is focused on relevant studies published in the last years in the field of PhysioMechanics of Human Locomotion, chosen by our Editorial Board members and their colleagues. We hope to stimulate your curiosity in this field and to share with you the passion for the Sports Medicine and Movement Sciences seen also from the scientific point of view. The Editorial Board members wish you an inspiring lecture.

Functional morphology of the Chelipeds, mouthparts and gastric mill of Ozius truncatus (Milne Edwards) (Xanthidae) and Leptograpsus variegatus (Fabricius) (Grapsidae) (Brachyura)

1986 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
GA Skilleter ◽  
DT Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Functional Morphology ◽  
Gastric Mill ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
The Third ◽  
Analogous Functional

Field and laboratory observations show that O. truncatus is a predator on gastropod molluscs, using dimorphic crusher-cutter chelipeds to remove the shell. The soft gastropod body is then presented to the maxillipeds. The third maxillipeds and mandibles tear the food, but the fragments reaching the foregut are still relatively large. The gastric mill ossicles of O. truncatus are robust, with few setae. L. variegatus is an opportunistic omnivore using equal cutting-scraping chelipeds in an alternating action, mainly in plucking and scraping algae. The food fragments reaching the maxillipeds are finely shredded by the chelipeds. The small food fragments are ingested directly, being pushed into the mouth by the mandibular palps. The maxillipeds and mouthparts do not triturate the food. The gastric mill ossicles of L. variegatus are finely toothed and setose. Analogous functional relationships between ingestion mechanisms and gastric mill occur in Anomura. The need for further studies on Brachyura is stressed.

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