Effective population number estimates of laboratory populations ofDrosophila melanogaster

1981 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 947-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Malpica ◽  
D. A. Briscoe
Keyword(s):  
Effective Population ◽  
Population Number ◽  
Laboratory Populations

Paternity analysis with microsatellites in a Danish Abies nordmanniana clonal seed orchard reveals dysfunctions

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 1054-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
O K Hansen ◽  
E D Kjær
Keyword(s):  
Asymptotic Variance ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Paternity Analysis ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Population Number ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Male Gametes ◽  
Abies Nordmanniana ◽  
The Status

A paternity analysis using five microsatellite markers was conducted in a Danish clonal seed orchard with 13 Abies nordmanniana (Stev.) Spach clones. The purpose was to investigate potential seed-orchard dysfunctions, with special emphasis on nonequal pollen contributions and selfing. Male paternity was found for 232 seedlings germinated from seeds collected on three ramets, each of eight clones, and the relative contribution of each clone to the gene pool of male gametes was calculated. Furthermore, 49 ramets were genotyped to check for erroneous grafting. The effect of an unbalanced male contribution was quantified by means of two measures: (1) the status number (NS), which reflects buildup of coancestry in the seed-orchard crop as a result of a low number of clones and an unequal male contribution, and (2) the asymptotic variance effective population number (Ne(v)). The contributions by pollen donors from the 13 clones were highly skewed. Three clones were fathers to more than 75% of the progenies, while making up only 24% of the ramets in the seed orchard. Four clones sired no progenies at all. The unequal contribution on the male side corresponded to NS = 4.2 and Ne(v) = 5.8. Some selfing was observed, which may give rise to concern if clonal seed orchards with few clones are established. The estimated maximum pollen contamination from outside the seed orchard was 4.3%. No grafting–labelling errors were identified.

scholarly journals EFFECTIVE POPULATION NUMBER IN CEPAEA : A MODIFICATION

Evolution ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-186
Author(s):  
J. J. D. Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
Effective Population ◽  
Population Number

scholarly journals ACCUMULATION OF DELETERIOUS GENES IN A CAGE POPULATION OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 657-664
Author(s):  
Won Ho Lee ◽  
Takao K Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Lethal Gene ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Population Number ◽  
Heterozygous Condition ◽  
Cage Population ◽  
Deleterious Genes

ABSTRACT Lethal and sterility mutations were accumulated in a cage population which was initiated with lethal- and sterility-free second chromosomes of D. melanogaster. It took about 2,000 days for the frequencies of these genes to reach equilibrium levels, i.e., 18% lethal and 9% male-sterile chromosomes. Two other cage populations which were initiated with random chromosomes sampled from natural populations and kept for more than eleven years in the laboratory showed 19-20% lethal content. The elimination rates of lethals by homozygosis in these populations were smaller than the mutation rate. By using Nei's formulae, the deleterious effect of a lethal gene in heterozygous condition (h) was estimated to be 0.035. The effective population number in the cage populations was estimated to be 1,000-2,900, while the actual population number was 3,500-7,800.

scholarly journals THE INBREEDING EFFECTIVE POPULATION NUMBER AND THE EXPECTED HOMOZYGOSITY FOR AN X-LINKED LOCUS

Genetics ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 731-737
Author(s):  
Thomas Nagylaki
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Joint Action ◽  
Random Mating ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Random Drift ◽  
Population Number ◽  
Asymptotic Rate ◽  
Large Populations

ABSTRACT Assuming random mating and discrete nonoverlapping generations, the inbreeding effective population number, N(i)  e, is calculated for an X-linked locus. For large populations, the result agrees with the variance effective population number. As an application, the maintenance of genetic variability by the joint action of mutation and random drift is investigated. It is shown that, if every allele mutates at rate u to new types, then the probabilities of identity in state (and hence the expected homozygosity of females) converge to the approximate value (1 + 4N(i)  eu)-1 at the approximate asymptotic rate exp{—[2u + (2N(i)e)-1]t}.

Mutation, Gene Conversion, and Migration

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-108
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Hartl
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Gene Conversion ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Functional Divergence ◽  
Random Genetic Drift ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Population Number ◽  
Biased Gene Conversion ◽  
Stepping Stone Models ◽  
And Migration

Chapter 4 focuses on forward and reverse mutation, gene duplication and functional divergence, gene conversion, and equilibrium heterozygosity. It includes an introduction to the coalescent as well as the Wright–Fisher and Moran models of random genetic drift, measures of nucleotide polymorphism and diversity, and how these may be estimated from sequence data. Biased gene conversion is discussed in regard to its effects on homogeneity of nucleotide sequence across the genome. Several distinct types of effective population number are compared and contrasted including the inbreeding, variance, and coalescent effective numbers. Various models of migration are also examined including one-way migration, the island model, and stepping-stone models.

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