An annoted list of the parasites of graminaceous stem borers in East Africa, with a discussion of their potential in biological control

Entomophaga ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Mohyuddin ◽  
D. J. Greathead
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Stem Borers

A revision of the Indo-Australian species of Stenobracon (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitoids of lepidopterous stem borers of graminaceous crops

1996 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jamil ◽  
K. Chishti ◽  
Donald L.J. Quicke
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Stem Borers ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Subjective Synonym

AbstractThe genus Stenobracon Szépligeti which contains species of economic importance for biological control of lepidopterous borers of sugarcane, rice and other graminaceous crops in Asia, is revised. Principal components analysis was employed to help delineate species. Six species, distributed from Pakistan to Australia, are recognized. Stenobracon brevis, S. clarus and S. malensis are described as new and Stenobracon nicevillei (Bingham), S. deesae (Cameron) and S. oculatus Szépligeti are redescribed. Illustrated keys for males and females are provided. Phanaulax levituberculatus Cameron is a new junior subjective synonym of S. nicevillei and S. trifasciatus Szépligeti is a new junior subjective synonym of S. oculatus. Elphea flavomaculata Cameron is synonymized with Ischnobracon (Bracon) laboriosus Cameron (comb. n). Host records are summarized.

Biological control of gramineous lepidopteran stem borers in sub-Saharan Africa.

2009 ◽  
pp. 131-144
Author(s):  
W. A. Overholt ◽  
D. E. Conlong ◽  
R. Kfir ◽  
F. Schulthess ◽  
M. Sétamou
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Stem Borers ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda Infestations in East Africa: Assessment of Damage and Parasitism

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birhanu Sisay ◽  
Josephine Simiyu ◽  
Esayas Mendesil ◽  
Paddy Likhayo ◽  
Gashawbeza Ayalew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Parasitism Rate ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Larval Parasitoid ◽  
Percent Parasitism

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, threatens maize production in Africa. A survey was conducted to determine the distribution of FAW and its natural enemies and damage severity in Ethiopia, Kenya and Tanzania in 2017 and 2018. A total of 287 smallholder maize farms (holding smaller than 2 hectares of land) were randomly selected and surveyed. FAW is widely distributed in the three countries and the percent of infested maize fields ranged from 33% to 100% in Ethiopia, 93% to 100% in Tanzania and 100% in Kenya in 2017, whereas they ranged from 80% to 100% and 82.2% to 100% in Ethiopia and Kenya, respectively, in 2018. The percent of FAW infestation of plants in the surveyed fields ranged from 5% to 100%. In 2017, the leaf damage score of the average of the fields ranged from 1.8 to 7 (9 = highest level of damage), while 2018, it ranged from 1.9 to 6.8. In 2017, five different species of parasitoids were recovered from FAW eggs and larvae. Cotesia icipe (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was the main parasitoid recorded in Ethiopia, with a percent parasitism rate of 37.6%. Chelonus curvimaculatus Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was the only egg-larval parasitoid recorded in Kenya and had a 4.8% parasitism rate. In 2018, six species of egg and larval parasitoids were recovered with C. icipe being the dominant larval parasitoid, with percentage parasitism ranging from 16% to 42% in the three surveyed countries. In Kenya, Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) was the dominant egg parasitoid, causing up to 69.3% egg parasitism as compared to only 4% by C. curvimaculatus. Although FAW has rapidly spread throughout these three countries, we were encouraged to see a reasonable level of biological control in place. Augmentative biological control can be implemented to suppress FAW in East Africa.

The distribution and biology of Eldana saccharinaWalker (Lepidoptera Pyralidae) and its relationship to other stem-borers in Uganda

1978 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Girling
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Busseola Fusca ◽  
Sesamia Calamistis ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Stem Borers ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae

AbstractAll available records showed that Eldana saceharina Wlk. occurs in wild plants in all suitable areas of Africa south of the Sahara. Until a few years ago, it was only of economic importance in West Africa as an occasional pest of maize and sugar-cane, but a crop-feeding form has recently appeared in East Africa. Biological studies were carried out in the field and laboratory at Kawanda, Uganda, between 1970 and 1972 using natural and artificial larval diets. The life-cycle lasted 2–3 months, depending on temperature, and the number of larval instars depended partly on the diet. The adults lived for two weeks, during which time the females each laid 400–600 eggs. The majority of eggs and small larvae were taken by ants, but sufficient larvae survived to cause considerable damage. The pupae and larger larvae lacked efficient natural enemies in East Africa, and the introduction of parasites is suggested to prevent serious crop damage. The relatively evenly spread rainfall at Kawanda allowed maize to be planted every month so that field populations of E. saccharina and the other stem-borers Chilo partellus (Swinh.), Busseola fusca (Fuller) and Sesamia calamistis Hmps. could be studied throughout the year. Collections from maize, sorghum and sugar-cane showed that, although the four species attack the same host-plants, they occupy different ecological niches.

The Biological Control of Gonipterus scutellatus Gyll. (Col. Curculionidae) in Mauritius

1951 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Williams ◽  
L. A. Moutia ◽  
P. R. Hermelin
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
Ecological Data

A brief historical account is given of the spread of the Eucalyptus Snout Beetle, Gonipterus scutellatus Gyll., fron Australia, its country of origin, and of the utilisation of its natural parasite Anaphoidea nitens Gir. for its control on the African mainland.The discovery of G. scutellatus in Mauritius is described. Its entry was effected between 1935–40, and by 1944 it was threatening Eucalyptus plantations over the whole island.A. nitens was introduced in 1946 from East Africa. Establishment was extremely rapid and two years later G. scutellatus was effectively controlled.Notes are given on the bionomics of both host and parasite under Mauritian conditions.Ecological data are briefly discussed.

Notes on the distribution and biology of Pediobius furvus (Gah.) (Hym., Eulophidae), a parasite of graminaceous stem-borers

1970 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Mohyuddin
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Sesamia Calamistis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stem Borers ◽  
Single Host ◽  
Host Pupa ◽  
Dentichasmias Busseolae ◽  
Apanteles Sesamiae

Pediobius furvus (Gah.) (Eulophidae) is a parasite of the pupae of Pyralid and Noctuid stem-borers on graminaceous crops in Africa between 17°N and 17°S. It co-exists with the other pupal parasites Dentichasmias busseolae Heinr. and Procerochasmias nigromaculatus (Cam.) (Ichneumonidae) and Hyperchalcidia soudanensis Steffan (Chalcididae), but it is more abundant below 4000 ft where P. nigromaculatus does not occur. Mating follows a courtship dance, and oviposition occurs in any part of the host pupa. The life-cycle is completed in 18–20 days at 30°C, and up to several hundred adults may emerge from a single host pupa, the most suitable pupae being 2–3 days old at the time of oviposition. Longevity was improved when sucrose was provided as food. Host pupae outside the stem were parasitised, but puparia of Diptera and cocoons of Apanteles sesamiae Cam. (Braconidae) were not parasitised in the laboratory. Pupae formed inside cocoons were not attacked. Pediobius furvus has become established in Madagascar on Sesamia calamistis Hmps, and is considered promising for biological control of graminaceous stem-borers in other countries.

scholarly journals Evidence of the establishment of Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in continental Africa

1995 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.O. Omwega ◽  
S.W. Kimani ◽  
W.A. Overholt ◽  
C.K.P.O. Ogol
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Cotesia Flavipes ◽  
Stem Borers ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Laboratory Colony ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Ocean Islands

AbstractCotesia flavipes Cameron has been released several times in Africa for biological control of gramineous stem borers. Establishment has been reported on the Indian Ocean islands of Mauritius, Réunion and Madagascar, however, several attempts to introduce C. flavipes into continental Africa are reported to have failed. Recently, several cocoon masses of C. flavipes were recovered from south-western Kenya where the parasitoid was never released. Identifications of the parasitoids from south-western Kenya were based on morphological characters, allozyme frequencies, and mating experiments with laboratory populations of C. flavipes. It is hypothesized that C. flavipes became established from individuals escaping from a laboratory colony maintained in south-western Kenya in 1991.

Biological control of graminaceous stem-borers and legume pod-borers

1983 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 205-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Stem Borers

Production of Nosema marucae for biological control of cereal stem borers

1993 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. O. Odindo ◽  
P. A. Amutalla ◽  
M. Opondo-Mbai ◽  
T. Anyango Odero
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Stem Borers ◽  
Nosema Marucae

Biological Control of Diatraea mauriciella, Wlk., in Mauritius.—I. Investigations in Ceylon in 1939

1942 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Vinson
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Stem Borers

AbstractThe Sugar Industry of Mauritius is suffering heavily from damage by stem-borers, especially the “Spotted Borer,” Diatraea mauriciella, Wlk. It has been estimated (Moutia, 1934) that this species alone is responsible for an average reduction of 15 per cent, in the field, per arpent, and that the loss in sugar averages 2-3 per cent., i.e. 16 per cent, of the sugar in cane. This means a gross loss of about 1£ million rupees per annum for the whole island, or a net loss of approximately 125,000 rupees.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document