Male-infant-male interactions in Tibetan macaques

Background: Early Infant Male Circumcision (EIMC) is part of sustainable HIV prevention strategies in Kenya. The goals of the national EIMC program are to circumcise at least 40% of all newborn male infants delivered at hospitals offering the service and keep the rate of moderate and adverse events below 2%. Objectives: To determine the proportion of early male infants (age less than 60 days) born at hospitals in four counties of western Kenya who got circumcised and document the prevalence of adverse events (AEs) among those circumcised. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study involving all records for EIMC from 1st March 2014 through 31st March 2018 in four counties of western Kenya. Data analysis was done using EXEL to document proportion of facilities offering EIMC and compare EIMC uptake and outcomes in the four counties against the national goals for the program. Results: A mean of 4.3% of total health facilities offer EIMC in the region. Siaya had the highest proportion of facilities offering EIMC while Migori had the lowest proportion. Uptake of EIMC was low at 17.4% for all male infants born, far less than the anticipated target of 40%. Average adverse event rates were 0.3%. Conclusion: EIMC uptake remains low in this region of Kenya due to small number of health facilities offering the service. The proportion of circumcised early male infants born at the target health facilities is below the national target of 40% even though the rate of adverse events among those circumcised is acceptable. Keywords: Adverse event; circumcision; early male infant; uptake; western Kenya.

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Triadic male-infant-male interaction serves in bond maintenance in male Assamese macaques

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0183981 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. e0183981 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Josefine Kalbitz ◽

Oliver Schülke ◽

Julia Ostner

Keyword(s):

Male Infant ◽

Assamese Macaques ◽

Infant Male

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Triadic awareness predicts partner choice in male–infant–male interactions in Barbary macaques

Animal Cognition ◽

10.1007/s10071-016-1041-y ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 221-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Barbora Kubenova ◽

Martina Konecna ◽

Bonaventura Majolo ◽

Petr Smilauer ◽

Julia Ostner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Male Infant ◽

Partner Choice ◽

Barbary Macaques ◽

Infant Male

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Oxytocin increases after affiliative interactions in male Barbary macaques

10.1101/695064 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alan V. Rincon ◽

Tobias Deschner ◽

Oliver Schülke ◽

Julia Ostner

Keyword(s):

Social Bonds ◽

Group Living ◽

Male Infant ◽

Adult Males ◽

Barbary Macaques ◽

Cooperative Relationships ◽

Focal Animal ◽

Neuropeptide Hormone ◽

Infant Male

AbstractMammals living in stable social groups often mitigate the costs of group living through the formation of social bonds and cooperative relationships. The neuropeptide hormone oxytocin (OT) has been proposed to promote both bonding and cooperation although only a limited number of studies have investigated this under natural conditions. Our aim was to assess the role of OT in bonding and cooperation in male Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus). First we tested for an effect of affiliation - grooming and triadic male-infant-male interactions - with bond and non-bond partners on urinary OT levels. Secondly we aimed to test whether grooming interactions (and thus increased OT levels) increase a male’s general propensity to cooperate in polyadic conflicts. We collected behavioral data via full-day focal animal protocols on 14 adult males and measured endogenous OT levels from 139 urine samples collected after affiliation and non-social control periods. Urinary OT levels were higher after grooming with any partner. By contrast, OT levels after male-infant-male interactions with any partner or with bond partners were not different from controls but were higher after interactions with non-bond partners. Previous grooming did not increase the likelihood of males to support others in conflicts. Collectively, our results support research indicating that OT is involved in the regulation of adult social bonds, including in non-reproductive contexts. However, our male-infant-male interaction results go against previous studies suggesting that it is affiliation with bond rather than non-bond partners that trigger the release of OT. Alternatively, OT levels may have been elevated prior to male-infant-male interactions thus facilitating interaction between non-bond partners. The lack of an association of grooming (and by extension increased OT levels) and subsequent support speaks against an OT linked increase in the general propensity to cooperate, yet further studies are needed for a more direct test including the possibility of partner-specific contingent cooperation.

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Uptake and outcomes of early infant male circumcision services in four counties in Western Kenya

African Health Sciences ◽

10.4314/ahs.v21i1.10s ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 59-63

Author(s):

Thomas Okwaro Andale ◽

Onesmus Gachuno ◽

Theresa Odero Mary Awuor

Keyword(s):

Adverse Event ◽

Adverse Events ◽

Male Circumcision ◽

Male Infant ◽

Health Facilities ◽

Western Kenya ◽

Early Infant ◽

Hiv Prevention Strategies ◽

Early Infant Male Circumcision ◽

Infant Male

Background: Early Infant Male Circumcision (EIMC) is part of sustainable HIV prevention strategies in Kenya. The goals of the national EIMC program are to circumcise at least 40% of all newborn male infants delivered at hospitals offering the service and keep the rate of moderate and adverse events below 2%. Objectives: To determine the proportion of early male infants (age less than 60 days) born at hospitals in four counties of western Kenya who got circumcised and document the prevalence of adverse events (AEs) among those circumcised. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study involving all records for EIMC from 1st March 2014 through 31st March 2018 in four counties of western Kenya. Data analysis was done using EXEL to document proportion of facilities offering EIMC and compare EIMC uptake and outcomes in the four counties against the national goals for the program. Results: A mean of 4.3% of total health facilities offer EIMC in the region. Siaya had the highest proportion of facilities offering EIMC while Migori had the lowest proportion. Uptake of EIMC was low at 17.4% for all male infants born, far less than the anticipated target of 40%. Average adverse event rates were 0.3%. Conclusion: EIMC uptake remains low in this region of Kenya due to small number of health facilities offering the service. The proportion of circumcised early male infants born at the target health facilities is below the national target of 40% even though the rate of adverse events among those circumcised is acceptable. Keywords: Adverse event; circumcision; early male infant; uptake; western Kenya.

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Severe Antithrombin III Deficiency in an Infant Associated with Multiple Arterial and Venous Thromboses

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1648068 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 36 (03) ◽

pp. 495-502 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Geoffrey Mendelsohn ◽

Edward D. Gomperts ◽

Dennis Gurwitz

Keyword(s):

Antithrombin Iii ◽

Adult Life ◽

Rare Condition ◽

Male Infant ◽

Liver Cells ◽

Liver Pathology ◽

Fixed Tissue ◽

Formalin Fixed Tissue ◽

First Case ◽

At Iii

SummaryInherited antithrombin III (AT-II, heparin cofactor) deficiency is a rare condition, presenting with thrombotic disease in adult life. This paper reports an 8 months old South African Black male infant with multiple large vessel venous and arterial thromboses, and E. coli septicaemia. This was associated with an extremely low plasma AT-II level. Micronodular cirrhosis and intracytoplasmic hyaline globules in the liver cells were present. These globules were eosinophilic, and PAS-positive after diastase. They measured approximately 5 μ to 30 μ in diameter, occurred singly in the liver cells and were located mainly in the periportal areas. The histological findings in the liver are similar to those observed in α1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency in which the intracytoplasmic globules represent accumulation of altered AAT. Immunochemical studies carried out on formalin fixed tissue failed to detect cross reaction material with anti-α1 antitrypsin or anti-AT III antiserum. This is the first case report of AT-III deficiency presenting in infancy. It is also the first case associated with distinctive liver pathology.The available data presented are insufficient to distinguish between an inborn defect and acquired causes of the severely depressed AT-III plasma level and the distinctive liver pathology.

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