Male reproductive strategies in new world primates

Human Nature ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen B. Strier
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
New World ◽  
New World Primates ◽  
Male Reproductive Strategies

Efficiency of whole‐exome sequencing in old world and new world primates using human capture reagents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannie Chan ◽  
Wen Yao ◽  
Timothy D. Howard ◽  
Gregory A. Hawkins ◽  
Michael Olivier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exome Sequencing ◽  
Whole Exome Sequencing ◽  
New World ◽  
New World Primates ◽  
Old World ◽  
Whole Exome

scholarly journals Female major histocompatibility complex type affects male testosterone levels and sperm number in the horse ( Equus caballus )

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1807) ◽  
pp. 20150407 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Burger ◽  
G. Dolivo ◽  
E. Marti ◽  
H. Sieme ◽  
C. Wedekind
Keyword(s):  
Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Kin Recognition ◽  
Equus Caballus ◽  
Major Histocompatibility ◽  
Sperm Number ◽  
Sperm Velocity ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Male Reproductive Strategies

Odours of vertebrates often contain information about the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and are used in kin recognition, mate choice or female investment in pregnancy. It is, however, still unclear whether MHC-linked signals can also affect male reproductive strategies. We used horses ( Equus caballus ) to study this question under experimental conditions. Twelve stallions were individually exposed either to an unfamiliar MHC-similar mare and then to an unfamiliar MHC-dissimilar mare, or vice versa. Each exposure lasted over a period of four weeks. Peripheral blood testosterone levels were determined weekly. Three ejaculates each were collected in the week after exposure to both mares (i.e. in the ninth week) to determine mean sperm number and sperm velocity. We found high testosterone levels when stallions were kept close to MHC-dissimilar mares and significantly lower ones when kept close to MHC-similar mares. Mean sperm number per ejaculate (but not sperm velocity) was positively correlated to mean testosterone levels and also affected by the order of presentation of mares: sperm numbers were higher if MHC-dissimilar mares were presented last than if MHC-similar mares were presented last. We conclude that MHC-linked signals influence testosterone secretion and semen characteristics, two indicators of male reproductive strategies.

Oncogenicity of E.B. Virus: Leads from New-World Primates

The Lancet ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 303 (7848) ◽  
pp. 123-124 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
New World Primates

Lack of genetic structure in pinworm populations from New World primates in forest fragments

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (14) ◽  
pp. 941-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda Solórzano-García ◽  
Jaime Gasca-Pineda ◽  
Robert Poulin ◽  
Gerardo Pérez-Ponce de León
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
New World ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
New World Primates

scholarly journals Referential alarm calling behaviour in New World primates

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 680-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiane Cäsar ◽  
Klaus Zuberbühler
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Referential Communication ◽  
New World Monkeys ◽  
Human Language ◽  
New World Primates ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Old World ◽  
Call Type ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract There is relatively good evidence that non-human primates can communicate about objects and events in their environment in ways that allow recipients to draw inferences about the nature of the event experienced by the signaller. In some species, there is also evidence that the basic semantic units are not individual calls, but call sequences and the combinations generated by them. These two findings are relevant to theories pertaining to the origins of human language because of the resemblances of these phenomena with linguistic reference and syntactic organisation. Until recently, however, most research efforts on the primate origins of human language have involved Old World species with comparatively few systematic studies on New World monkeys, which has prevented insights into the deeper phylogenetic roots and evolutionary origins of language-relevant capacities. To address this, we review the older primate literature and very recent evidence for functionally referential communication and call combinations in New World primates. Within the existing literature there is ample evidence in both Callitrichids and Ce-bids for acoustically distinct call variants given to external disturbances that are accompanied by distinct behavioural responses. A general pattern is that one call type is typically produced in response to a wide range of general disturbances, often on the ground but also including inter-group encounters, while another call type is produced in response to a much narrower range of aerial threats. This pattern is already described for Old World monkeys and Prosimians, suggesting an early evolutionary origin. Second, recent work with black-fronted titi monkeys has produced evidence for different alarm call sequences consisting of acoustically distinct call types. These sequences appear to encode several aspects of the predation event simultaneously, notably predator type and location. Since meaningful call sequences have already been described in Old World primates, we suggest that basic combinatorial vocal communication has evolved in the primate lineage long before the advent of language. Moreover, it is possible that some of these communicative abilities have evolved even earlier, or independently, as there is comparable evidence in other taxonomic groups. We discuss these findings in an attempt to shed further light on the primate stock from which human language has arisen.

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