A survey on the recent measurements of the absolute vertical cosmic-ray muon flux at sea level

1973 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. C. Allkofer ◽  
H. Jokisch
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Muon Flux ◽  
The Absolute

The absolute cosmic ray flux at sea level

1975 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. L51-L52 ◽  
Author(s):  
O C Allkofer ◽  
K Carstensen ◽  
W D Dau ◽  
H Jokisch
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Cosmic Ray Flux

scholarly journals A Comparison of Muon Flux Models at Sea Level for Muon Imaging and Low Background Experiments

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Su ◽  
Yuanyuan Liu ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Bin Wu ◽  
Jianping Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Flux Distribution ◽  
Monte Carlo Model ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Muon Flux ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Low Background

Cosmic-ray muons are a type of natural radiation with high energy and a strong penetration ability. The flux distribution of such particles at sea level is a key problem in many areas, especially in the field of muon imaging and low background experiments. This paper summarizes the existing models to describe sea-level muon flux distributions. According to different means used, four parametric analytical models and one Monte Carlo model, which is referred to as CRY, are selected as typical sea-level muon flux distribution models. Then, the theoretical values of sea-level muon fluxes given by these models are compared with the experimental sea-level muon differential flux data with kinetic energy values in the range of 1–1,000 GeV in the directions of zenith angles 0° and 75°. The goodness of fit of these models to the experimental data was quantitatively calculated by Pearson’s chi-square test. The results of the comparison show that the commonly used Gaisser model overestimates the muon flux in the low-energy region, while the muon flux given by the Monte Carlo model CRY at the large zenith angle of 75° is significantly lower than that of the experimental data. The muon flux distribution given by the other three parametric analytical models is consistent with the experimental data. The results indicate that the original Gaisser model is invalid in the low energy range, and CRY apparently deviates at large zenith angles. These two models can be substituted with the muon flux models given by Gaisser/Tang, Bugaev/Reyna, and Smith and Duller/Chatzidakis according to actual experimental conditions.

The absolute cosmic ray muon spectrum at sea level

1971 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.C. Allkofer ◽  
K. Carstensen ◽  
W.D. Dau
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Muon Spectrum ◽  
The Absolute

Variation with Zenith Angle of the Integral Intensity of Muons near Sea Level

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 843-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Flint ◽  
R. B. Hicks ◽  
S. Standil
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Zenith Angle ◽  
Integral Intensity ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Muon Flux ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
A Current ◽  
Made In

The integral intensity of the cosmic ray muon flux (> 0.28 GeV/c) near sea level has been measured in the zenith angle range 75–90°. Very few other experimental measurements have been made in this range. The present results agree closely with the predictions of a current theoretical model except at very large zenith angles, where the measured intensities are somewhat higher than predicted.

The absolute vertical cosmic-ray muon intensity at sea level

1972 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 344-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ashton ◽  
K. Tsuji ◽  
A. W. Wolfendale
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Muon Intensity
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