The cosmic muon and detector simulation framework of the extreme energy events (EEE) experiment

This paper describes the simulation framework of the extreme energy events (EEE) experiment. EEE is a network of cosmic muon trackers, each made of three multi-gap resistive plate chambers (MRPC), able to precisely measure the absolute muon crossing time and the muon integrated angular flux at the ground level. The response of a single MRPC and the combination of three chambers have been implemented in a GEANT4-based framework (GEMC) to study the telescope response. The detector geometry, as well as details about the surrounding materials and the location of the telescopes have been included in the simulations in order to realistically reproduce the experimental set-up of each telescope. A model based on the latest parametrization of the cosmic muon flux has been used to generate single muon events. After validating the framework by comparing simulations to selected EEE telescope data, it has been used to determine detector parameters not accessible by analysing experimental data only, such as detection efficiency, angular and spatial resolution.

Single-muon rate reduction for beam dump operation of the K12 beam line at CERN

The Physics Beyond Colliders study investigates the feasibility of future projects and experiments using CERN facilities. In the scope of this study, a future operation of the NA62 experiment using the existing K12 beam line operated in beam dump mode is discussed. Such a setup allows for a search for dark sector particles, e.g. heavy neutral leptons, dark photons and axions. Production of these hypothetical particles requires the 400GeV/c proton beam extracted from the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) to be dumped on a massive dump collimator located in the first part of the K12 beam line. The decay of these dark sector particles, for example, into muons could be detected by the NA62 experimental setup. However, muons created in particle interactions with material and from in-flight decays of secondary hadrons pose a critical background for this kind of experiment. Magnetic sweeping serves as an efficient tool for reducing this background. This paper discusses the simulation studies conducted with the software framework G4beamline to reduce the expected single-muon rate for this experiment. The required beam line modifications, in particular the removal of the beryllium target and repositioning of the dump, have been implemented into this model. A comparison of simulated muon distributions and spectra available experimental data, already taken in test runs, has been made in order to validate the beam line simulation. Finally, additional beam line modifications to further suppress the muon background are elaborated upon. These studies show a potential further reduction of a factor four of the total single-muon rate relative to the nominal setup over the full momentum range, and up to a factor twenty considering only muons with momenta [Formula: see text].

STUDYING THE ENERGY LOSS OF HEAVY QUARKS VIA SINGLE MUON PRODUCTION IN PbPb COLLISIONS AT $\sqrt{^SNN} = 5.5 {\rm TeV}$

The effects of heavy quarks energy loss on the transverse momentum spectra of single muons are studied. The energy loss of heavy quarks when traversing the medium formed in PbPb collisions at [Formula: see text] is calculated by implementing the collision geometry and the quenching weights. The medium density is assumed to decrease at forward pseudo-rapidity and to be proportional with pseudo-rapidity multiplicity dN/dη. Muons from W decays can be used as a medium-blind reference to quantify the effect of heavy quarks energy loss on the single muon production.

BACKGROUND STUDIES FOR SINGLE MUON MEASUREMENTS IN Au+Au COLLISIONS AT $\sqrt{^SNN} = 200 GeV$ IN THE PHENIX EXPERIMENT AT RHIC

We present background studies for single muon measurements in Au + Au collisions at [Formula: see text]. To estimate the background coming from the high multiplicity, we applied the half octant swapping method. The swapped data was compared with the real data, and we know that the background ratio doesn't depend on the vertex distribution as already expected.