Law enforcement organizational behavior and the occurrence of post-traumatic stress symptomology in law enforcement personnel follwoing a critical incident

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charity Plaxton-Hennings
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Critical Incident ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Law Enforcement Personnel ◽  
Post Traumatic

The Controversy over Pastoral Care of Parents after a Stillbirth

2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Susan Zengerle
Keyword(s):  
Pastoral Care ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Critical Incident ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
The Body ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Critical Incident Stress Debriefing ◽  
Post Traumatic

Studies published in the last few years have suggested that the current practice in hospital obstetric units of encouraging parents to spend time with, hold, and even care for their stillborn fetus or baby may be deleterious to them. Rather than helping to allay grieving and successfully bring mourning to closure, mothers who had increasing levels of contact with the body of their stillborn baby were incrementally more likely to suffer depression and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in their next pregnancy and to have difficulty with attachment to their next child. These findings parallel observations from meta-analyses that question the efficacy of single-session debriefing (Critical Incident Stress Debriefing) after psychological trauma in preventing the later emergence of symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. Although not conclusive, these initial studies support the urgent need for further research to allow evidence-based pastoral care for those whose pregnancies end in stillbirth and loss. Given this much uncertainty about the risks posed by contact with her stillborn baby, mothers who do not chose to see their dead infants should not be persuaded to do so on the grounds of beneficence.

Reconsidering Post-Traumatic Stress

2005 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dene S. Berman ◽  
Jennifer Davis-Berman
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Critical Incident ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Critical Incident Stress Debriefing ◽  
Critical Incident Stress ◽  
Professional Mental Health ◽  
Stress Debriefing ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Outdoor Adventure Programs

This article serves to challenge the prevailing wisdom that suggests that most trauma is followed by post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and is best treated with critical incident stress debriefing (CISD). Instead, recent evidence suggests that many individuals exposed to stress do not experience stress responses. Even those who do, however, may not benefit from CISD. There is little support for outdoor adventure programs to require CISD after traumatic events. It is recommended that leaders be trained in assessment and trauma management with a special emphasis on case management and referral for participants who need professional mental health intervention.

scholarly journals Peer Support and Crisis-Focused Psychological Interventions Designed to Mitigate Post-Traumatic Stress Injuries among Public Safety and Frontline Healthcare Personnel: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7645
Author(s):  
Gregory S. Anderson ◽  
Paula M. Di Nota ◽  
Dianne Groll ◽  
R. Nicholas Carleton
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Peer Support ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Critical Incident ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Critical Incident Stress ◽  
Stress Injuries ◽  
Post Traumatic

Public safety personnel (PSP) and frontline healthcare professionals (FHP) are frequently exposed to potentially psychologically traumatic events (PPTEs), and report increased rates of post-traumatic stress injuries (PTSIs). Despite widespread implementation and repeated calls for research, effectiveness evidence for organizational post-exposure PTSI mitigation services remains lacking. The current systematic review synthesized and appraised recent (2008–December 2019) empirical research from 22 electronic databases following a population–intervention–comparison–outcome framework. Eligible studies investigated the effectiveness of organizational peer support and crisis-focused psychological interventions designed to mitigate PTSIs among PSP, FHP, and other PPTE-exposed workers. The review included 14 eligible studies (n = 18,849 participants) that were synthesized with qualitative narrative analyses. The absence of pre–post-evaluations and the use of inconsistent outcome measures precluded quantitative meta-analysis. Thematic services included diverse programming for critical incident stress debriefing, critical incident stress management, peer support, psychological first aid, and trauma risk management. Designs included randomized control trials, retrospective cohort studies, and cross-sectional studies. Outcome measures included PPTE impacts, absenteeism, substance use, suicide rates, psychiatric symptoms, risk assessments, stigma, and global assessments of functioning. Quality assessment indicated limited strength of evidence and failures to control for pre-existing PTSIs, which would significantly bias program effectiveness evaluations for reducing PTSIs post-PPTE.

scholarly journals A systematic review: what factors predict Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms in ambulance personnel?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Damian Brooks ◽  
Rachel Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Critical Incident ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Ambulance Personnel ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Organisational Factors

<sec id="s1"> Background: Ambulance personnel are frequently exposed to traumatic accidents, which makes them a high risk for poor mental health. High rates of Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms (PTSS) have been found within ambulance personnel samples but no review has been completed to examine the factors that may be implicated in the development of these symptoms. This literature review provides an overview of the factors that predict PTSS in ambulance personnel. </sec> <sec id="s2"> Methods: A systematic search strategy was conducted in April 2020 across the following four databases: PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, MEDLINE and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). </sec> <sec id="s3"> Results: Eighteen papers were included in this review, and the predictive factors examined were grouped into four categories: coping style, personal factors, environmental factors and organisational factors. </sec> <sec id="s4"> Conclusions: An array of factors across the four categories were implicated in the development of PTSS, but these tended to be indicated in only one or two papers. Evidence was found to suggest that dysfunctional coping styles, reduced levels of some personality traits, proximity and nature of the critical incident and high levels of organisation stress can all lead to PTSS. Further research is needed to support the reliability of findings. </sec>

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