Role of ginkgo biloba extract in acquired sensorineural hearing loss

Latar belakang: Kemoterapi sisplatin adalah terapi yang sering diberikan untuk penderita tumor ganas yang mempunyai efek samping ototoksik dengan terbentuknya radikal bebas yang enyebabkan kematian sel rambut luar koklea sehingga terjadi gangguan dengar. Ginkgo biloba adalah antioksidan yang terbukti memiliki efek otoprotektif terhadap ototoksisitas akibat sisplatin dengan menghambat pembentukan radikal bebas. Tujuan: Mengetahui peran Ginkgo biloba terhadap pencegahan gangguan dengar sensorineural pada penderita tumor ganas dengan sisplatin. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian uji klinis acak dengan sampel adalah semua penderita tumor ganas yang mendapat kemoterapi sisplatin di Rumah Sakit Hasan Sadikin pada bulan Oktober 2013 sampai Januari 2014. Sampel dibagi dua, kelompok perlakuan menjalani pengobatan kemoterapi sisplatin dengan tambahan ekstrak Ginkgo biloba (Egb 761) peroral 80 mg perhari sejak 1 hari sebelum kemoterapi selama 30 hari. Kelompok kontrol menjalani pengobatan kemoterapi sisplatin saja. Pemeriksaan fungsi pendengaran dilakukan dengan timpanometri, audiometri, dan Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission (DPOAE) sebelum dan setelah kemoterapi sisplatin siklus pertama dan kedua. Hasil: Didapatkan total 40 data dari 20 pasien yang dibagi dalam dua kelompok. Kejadian gangguan dengar sensorineural setelah siklus pertama dengan pemeriksaan DPOAE didapatkan perbedaan yang bermakna (p=0,027). Kesimpulan: Pemberian terapi ekstrak Ginkgo biloba 80 mg peroral dapat mencegah gangguan dengar sensorineural akibat kemoterapi sisplatin pada penderita tumor ganas. Kata kunci: Sisplatin, Ginkgo biloba, ototoksik, gangguan dengar sensorineural, tumor ganas.ABSTRACTBackground: Chemotherapy with cisplatin is a treatment which often given to patients with malignant tumors with side effects of ototoxicity due to the formation of free radicals that caused cochlea outer hair cells death, causing hearing impairment. Ginkgo biloba is an antioxidant with otoprotective effect to cisplatin induced ototoxicity by inhibiting the formation of free radicals. Purpose:To find out the role of Ginkgo biloba against sensorineural hearing loss in patients with malignant tumors treated with cisplatin. Methods: This is a quasiexperimental clinical trial. The subject were all patients with malignant tumors who received cisplatin chemotherapy in Hasan Sadikin Hospital from October 2013 until January 2014. Sample was divided into 2 groups, the first group (treatment) are those who undergoing cisplatin chemotherapy treatment with additional Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) 80 mg per day orally, started from 1 day prior chemotherapy for 30 days. The second group (control) is those who underwnet only cisplatin chemotherapy. Auditory function were assesed by tympanometry, audiometry and Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission (DPOAE) examination before and after the first and second cycles cisplatin chemotherapy. Result: The data from right and left ear were analyzed separately, giving total 40 data from 20 patients divided in 2 groups. The incidence of sensorineural hearing loss after first cycle of chemotherapy with the DPOAE results showed significant differencess (p=0,027). Conclusion: Ginkgo biloba extract 80 mg perday orally could prevent cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in patients with malignancy. Keywords: Cisplatin, Ginkgo biloba, ototoxic, sensorineural hearing loss, malignant tumors.

Download Full-text