It is a well known fact that when molten alloys of certain metals are cooled, some of the constituents separate and become concentrated either in the centre or in the external portions of the solidified mass; to this segregation the name of liquation is given. It is specially noticeable in the case of silver-copper alloys, and its importance is now being widely recognised in almost all branches of metallurgy. In the case of gold, however, the phenomenon of liquation does not appear to have been much observed. Gold alloys, to the value of many millions sterling, pass annually from hand to hand upon the results of assays cut from the external portions of ingots, which assays cannot, of course, be trustworthy, if the centre of the bars differs in composition from the external portions. Peligot has recently endeavoured to obtain evidence of liquation in gold-copper alloys, and has concluded that it does not exist. Roberts-Austen, who has devoted much time to the study of liquation, has also satisfied himself that gold-silver alloys do not rearrange themselves on cooling.
The density of gold-silver-copper alloys and its calculation from the chemical composition
