Odor-Based Runway Performance of Rats as A Function of Type of Reinforcer and Multiple Deprivation Conditions

1985 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen F. Davis ◽  
Susan M. Nash ◽  
Brenda J. Anderson ◽  
Melanie S. Weaver
1970 ◽  
Vol 71 (2, Pt.1) ◽  
pp. 283-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Homzie ◽  
Jerry W. Rudy ◽  
Edwin N. Carter

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Vinnicombe ◽  
M Little ◽  
J Super

Abstract Introduction Differential attainment (DA), according to the General Medical Council (GMC), is the gap between attainment levels in different groups. Attainment measures should cover aspects that include academic performance and career progression. Two such areas in surgical training are the MRCS examinations and ARCPs, both of which are required for progression in a career in surgery. Our aim was to investigation whether socio-economic background was a significant factor for progression in surgical training. Method Data from the GMC for Core Surgical Trainees (CSTs) taking the MRCS examination between 2016 and 2019 and CST ARCP outcomes between 2017 and 2019 were obtained. Socio-economic background was assessed using the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD). ARCP and MRCS outcomes were assessed against IMD. Results Trainees from IMD Q1&2 (most deprived) had a significantly higher (p < 0.01) mean number of attempts (1.86) to pass MRCS examinations than trainees from IMD Q4&5 (least deprived) (1.54). IMD Q1&2 were significantly more likely to obtain unsatisfactory outcomes (24.4%) than trainees from IMD Q4&5 (14.2%) (p < 0.05). Conclusions There is clear evidence that differential attainment exists within Core Surgical Training. The reasons for this are likely to be complex and more work is needed to further investigate the relationship.


2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher T. Whelan ◽  
Mario Lucchini ◽  
Maurizio Pisati ◽  
Bertrand Maître

1969 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Reynierse ◽  
Michael J. Scavio ◽  
James D. Ulness

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Cilluffo ◽  
Roger W. Black
Keyword(s):  

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