In this paper, we give some characterizations for proper f-biharmonic curves in the para-Bianchi-Cartan-Vranceanu space forms with 3-dimensional para-Sasakian structures.
Fix ξ a unitary vector field on a Riemannian manifold M and γ a non-geodesic Frenet curve on M satisfying the Rytov law of polarization optics. We prove in these conditions that γ is a Legendre curve for ξ if and only if the γ-Fermi–Walker covariant derivative of ξ vanishes. The cases when γ is circle or helix as well as ξ is (conformal) Killing vector filed or potential vector field of a Ricci soliton are analyzed and an example involving a three-dimensional warped metric is provided. We discuss also K-(para)contact, particularly (para)Sasakian, manifolds and hypersurfaces in complex space forms.
We study lightlike hypersurfacesMof an indefinite generalized Sasakian space formM-(f1,f2,f3), with indefinite trans-Sasakian structure of type(α,β), subject to the condition that the structure vector field ofM-is tangent toM. First we study the general theory for lightlike hypersurfaces of indefinite trans-Sasakian manifold of type(α,β). Next we prove several characterization theorems for lightlike hypersurfaces of an indefinite generalized Sasakian space form.
AbstractBiharmonic maps are defined as critical points of the bienergy. Every harmonic map is a stable biharmonic map. In this article, the stability of nonharmonic biharmonic Legendrian submanifolds in Sasakian space forms is discussed.