Cadmium Compartmentalization in the Pulmonate Snail Lymnaea stagnalis: Improving Our Understanding of Exposure

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn G. Reátegui-Zirena ◽  
Amanda D. French ◽  
David M. Klein ◽  
Christopher J. Salice
2006 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Dalesman ◽  
Simon D. Rundle ◽  
Ross A. Coleman ◽  
Pete A. Cotton

Author(s):  
James Ihle ◽  
Walter J. Humphreys

A study by Rebhun on nuclear changes during spermiogenesis in the pulmonate snail Otala lactea has presented evidence that nuclear elongation is accompanied by orientation of nuclear material into 60 A° sheets. The exact nature of the formation of these sheets, however, was not ascertained. In current work on gametogenesis in the pulmonate snail Lymnaea stagnalis observations were made of nuclear morphogenesis which describes this process.The nucleus of a Lymnaea spermatid is spheriod or somewhat ellipsoidal in the early stages of differentiation. The karoplasm consists of a nonhomogeneous matrix of granules. Thereafter, the shape of the nucleus changes to that of an oblate spheriod. The granular nuclear material becomes fibrous in nature and is either clumped together or randomly dispersed in the karoplasm. The nuclear membrane becomes thickened at the prospective anterior and posterior regions of the sperm nucleus.


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