Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic pollutant that exerts adverse effects on organisms. We examined oxidative damage and antioxidative parameters in hemocytes of the freshwater crab Sinopotamon henanense Bott 1967 exposed to sublethal levels of Cd for 21 d. We also examined the immunomodulation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on oxidation caused by Cd in the crab. Cd induced higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels but ROS production in crab hemocytes was down-regulated after LPS injection. The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl derivatives (PCO), DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs) coefficient in the hemocytes of crabs exposed to Cd increased. LPS injection could decrease these oxidative parameters. The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) was significantly inhibited by Cd and LPS enhanced the activity of T-AOC in crab hemocytes. Cd treatment also up-regulated activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Only CAT activity decreased when crabs were exposed to Cd followed by LPS stimulation. Peroxidase (POD) activities showed little change after Cd or LPS treatments. The oxidative damage caused by Cd exposure may be reduced by LPS, suggesting its possible use in aquaculture as an immunostimulant for crustaceans.
Protective effects of Shanxi aged vinegar against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage in LO2 cells through Nrf2-mediated antioxidant responses
