Abstract
Purpose Altered cerebral hemodynamics are involved in changes in head biometry in fetuses with congenital heart disease (CHD). We compared head growth in different CHD groups with published normative values and investigated whether CHD groups differ from each other in terms of head circumference (HC) development over gestational age (GA).
Materials and Methods Retrospective cohort study consisting of 248 CHD fetuses. Subgroups were generated according to the expected ascending aorta oxygen saturation: Low placental blood content (BC) and therefore low oxygen delivery to the brain (group 1: n = 108), intermediate placental and systemic BC due to intracardiac mixing of blood (group 2: n = 103), high placental BC (group 3: n = 13) and low placental BC and low oxygen delivery to the brain without mixing of blood (group 4: n = 24). Furthermore, group 1 was divided into antegrade (n = 34) and retrograde (n = 74) flow through the aortic arch. Comparisons were made at a GA of 22, 30 and 38 weeks.
Results Estimated values of zHC (z-score transformed) were not significantly different between the four CHD groups at the three time points in gestation (all p > 0.05). Within group 1 fetuses with retrograde aortic arch flow showed a significant negative association between HC and GA compared to reference values (b = –0.054, p < 0.001) and had significantly lower zHC values at 38 weeks (–0.836) compared to fetuses with antegrade flow (0.366, p = 0.009).
Conclusion Our data do not confirm that CHD fetuses in general have a significantly smaller HC. HC becomes smaller throughout gestation depending on the direction of aortic arch flow.
Right-sided Aortic Arch Associated with Congenital Heart Disease
