Robotic Assistance System for Cone-Beam Computed Tomography-Guided Percutaneous Needle Placement

Purpose The study aimed to evaluate a new robotic assistance system (RAS) for needle placement in combination with a multi-axis C-arm angiography system for cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in a phantom setting. Materials and Methods The RAS consisted of a tool holder, dedicated planning software, and a mobile platform with a lightweight robotic arm to enable image-guided needle placement in conjunction with CBCT imaging. A CBCT scan of the phantom was performed to calibrate the robotic arm in the scan volume and to plan the different needle trajectories. The trajectory data were sent to the robot, which then positioned the tool holder along the trajectory. A 19G needle was then manually inserted into the phantom. During the control CBCT scan, the exact needle position was evaluated and any possible deviation from the target lesion measured. Results In total, 16 needle insertions targeting eight in- and out-of-plane sites were performed. Mean angular deviation from planned trajectory to actual needle trajectory was 1.12°. Mean deviation from target point and actual needle tip position was 2.74 mm, and mean deviation depth from the target lesion to the actual needle tip position was 2.14 mm. Mean time for needle placement was 361 s. Only differences in time required for needle placement between in- and out-of-plane trajectories (337 s vs. 380 s) were statistically significant (p = 0.0214). Conclusion Using this RAS for image-guided percutaneous needle placement with CBCT was precise and efficient in the phantom setting.