Generality and specificity in cognitive control: conflict adaptation within and across selective-attention tasks but not across selective-attention and Simon tasks

2014 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio L. Freitas ◽  
Sheri L. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Conflict Adaptation ◽  
Attention Tasks

scholarly journals Selective attention and recognition: Effects of congruency on episodic learning

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara M Rosner ◽  
Maria C. D'Angelo ◽  
Ellen MacLellan ◽  
Bruce Milliken
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Test Phase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Read Aloud ◽  
Attention Tasks ◽  
Relational Encoding ◽  
Phase Recognition ◽  
Attention Demands

AbstractRecent research on cognitive control has focused on the learning consequences of high selective attention demands in selective attention tasks (e.g., Botvinick, 2007; Verguts & Notebaert, 2008). The current study extends these ideas by examining the influence of selective attention demands on remembering. In Experiment 1, participants read aloud the red word in a pair of red and green spatially interleaved words. Half of the items were congruent (the interleaved words had the same identity), and the other half were incongruent (the interleaved words had different identities). Following the naming phase, participants completed a surprise recognition memory test. In this test phase, recognition memory was better for incongruent than for congruent items. In Experiment 2, context was only partially reinstated at test, and again recognition memory was better for incongruent than for congruent items. In Experiment 3, all of the items contained two different words, but in one condition the words were presented close together and interleaved, while in the other condition the two words were spatially separated. Recognition memory was better for the interleaved than for the separated items. This result rules out an interpretation of the congruency effects on recognition in Experiments 1 and 2 that hinges on stronger relational encoding for items that have two different words. Together, the results support the view that selective attention demands for incongruent items lead to encoding that improves recognition.

Telephone Conversations Affect the Executive but not the Alerting or Orienting Network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melina Kunar ◽  
Derrick Watson ◽  
Rhiannon Richards ◽  
Daniel Gunnell
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Attentional Networks ◽  
Attention Tasks ◽  
Conflict Effect ◽  
The Individual

Previous work has shown that talking on a mobile phone leads to an impairment of visual attention. Gunnell et al. (2020) investigated the locus of these dual-task impairments and found that although phone conversations led to cognitive delays in response times, other mechanisms underlying particular selective attention tasks were unaffected. Here we investigated which attentional networks, if any, were impaired by having a phone conversation. We used the Attentional Network Task (ANT) to evaluate performance of the alerting, orienting and executive attentional networks, both in conditions where people were engaged in a conversation and where they were silent. Two experiments showed that there was a robust delay in response across all three networks. However, at the individual network level, holding a conversation did not influence the size of the alerting or orienting effects but it did reduce the size of the conflict effect within the executive network. The findings suggest that holding a conversation can reduce the overall speed of responding and, via its influence on the executive network, can reduce the amount of information that can be processed from the environment.

scholarly journals Right Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex Mediates Individual Differences in Conflict-driven Cognitive Control

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3903-3913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Egner
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Conflict Adaptation ◽  
Traditional Group ◽  
Behavioral Expression

Conflict adaptation—a conflict-triggered improvement in the resolution of conflicting stimulus or response representations—has become a widely used probe of cognitive control processes in both healthy and clinical populations. Previous fMRI studies have localized activation foci associated with conflict resolution to dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC). The traditional group analysis approach employed in these studies highlights regions that are, on average, activated during conflict resolution, but does not necessarily reveal areas mediating individual differences in conflict resolution, because between-subject variance is treated as noise. Here, we employed a complementary approach to elucidate the neural bases of variability in the proficiency of conflict-driven cognitive control. We analyzed two independent fMRI data sets of face–word Stroop tasks by using individual variability in the behavioral expression of conflict adaptation as the metric against which brain activation was regressed while controlling for individual differences in mean RT and Stroop interference. Across the two experiments, a replicable neural substrate of individual variation in conflict adaptation was found in ventrolateral PFC (vlPFC), specifically, in the right inferior frontal gyrus, pars orbitalis (BA 47). Unbiased regression estimates showed that variability in activity in this region accounted for ∼40% of the variance in behavioral expression of conflict adaptation across subjects, thus documenting a heretofore unsuspected key role for vlPFC in mediating conflict-driven adjustments in cognitive control. We speculate that vlPFC plays a primary role in conflict control that is supplemented by dlPFC recruitment under conditions of suboptimal performance.

Cognitive control and conflict adaptation in youth with high-functioning autism

2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Larson ◽  
Mikle South ◽  
Peter E. Clayson ◽  
Ann Clawson
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
High Functioning Autism ◽  
Conflict Adaptation ◽  
High Functioning

Distinct cognitive control mechanisms as revealed by modality-specific conflict adaptation effects.

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 807-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guochun Yang ◽  
Weizhi Nan ◽  
Ya Zheng ◽  
Haiyan Wu ◽  
Qi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Conflict Adaptation ◽  
Adaptation Effects
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