Immunohistochemical localization of tyrosine hydroxylase in the ventral nerve cord of the stick insect, Carausius morosus , including neurons innervating the salivary glands

1996 ◽  
Vol 285 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Declan W. Ali ◽  
Ian Orchard
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Hydroxylase ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Nerve Cord ◽  
Ventral Nerve Cord ◽  
Stick Insect ◽  
Immunohistochemical Localization ◽  
Carausius Morosus

The distribution of neurones immunoreactive for ?-tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine and serotonin in the ventral nerve cord of the cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus

1995 ◽  
Vol 280 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H�rner ◽  
Ulrike Sp�rhase-Eichmann ◽  
Johannes Helle ◽  
Br�ne Venus ◽  
Friedrich-Wilhelm Sch�rmann
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Hydroxylase ◽  
Nerve Cord ◽  
Ventral Nerve Cord ◽  
Gryllus Bimaculatus

scholarly journals Motor Output of the Denervated Thoracic Ventral Nerve Cord in the Stick Insect Carausius Morosus

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
ULRICH BÄSSLER ◽  
U. T. A. WEGNER
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Cord ◽  
Ventral Nerve Cord ◽  
Intact Animal ◽  
Stick Insect ◽  
Motor Output ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chordotonal Organ ◽  
Motor Neurones ◽  
Leg Movements ◽  
Stimulation Of

The denervated thoracic ventral nerve cord produces a motor output which is similar to that observed in the intact animal during irregular leg movements (seeking movements) or rocking, but not walking. When the nerves to some legs are left intact, and the animal walks on a wheel, the motor output in the protractor and retractor motor neurones of the denervated legs is modulated by the stepping frequency of the walking legs. The modulation is similar to that observed in the motor output to a not actually stepping leg of an intact walking animal. When only the crural nerve of one leg is left intact, stimulation of the trochanteral campaniform sensilli induces protractor and retractor motor output to that leg and the leg behind it. In this case the motor output to the ipsilateral leg is in phase. Stimulation of the femoral chordotonal organ influences activity in motor neurones of the extensor tibiae (FETi and SETi) but not those of the protractor and retractor coxae muscles. In a restrained leg of an intact animal stretching of the femoral chordotonal organ excites FETi and SETi as long as the other legs walk (as in a walking leg) and inhibits FETi and SETi (as in a seeking leg) when the other legs are unable to walk.

Some Preliminary Observations on the Effects of Cations on Conduction Processes in the Abdominal Nerve Cord of the Stick Insect, Carausius Morosus

1965 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
J. E. TREHERNE
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Nerve Conduction ◽  
Nerve Cord ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Stick Insect ◽  
Carausius Morosus ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. In the haemolymph of the stick insect Carausius morosus the concentration of potassium exceeds that of sodium and the concentration of magnesium exceeds that of calcium. The implications of this situation for nerve conduction have been studied. 2. Conduction is maintained in intact and desheathed preparations of the fourth adbominal ganglion under irrigation with a solution resembling haemolymph in ionic composition. 3. Action potentials recorded in response to electrical stimulation of the nerve cord decline in sodium-free solutions, both in intact and in desheathed preparations. 4. Conduction declines slowly under irrigation with magnesium-free solutions both in intact and in desheathed preparations.

The distribution of neurones immunoreactive for ?-tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine and serotonin in the ventral nerve cord of the cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus

1995 ◽  
Vol 280 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H�rner ◽  
Ulrike Sp�rhase-Eichmann ◽  
Johannes Helle ◽  
Br�ne Venus ◽  
Friedrich-Wilhelm Sch�rmann
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Hydroxylase ◽  
Nerve Cord ◽  
Ventral Nerve Cord ◽  
Gryllus Bimaculatus

Extracellular filaments in the perineurium of the florida lobster, Panulirus argus

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 784-785
Author(s):  
Roy J. Baerwald ◽  
Lura C. Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Nerve Cord ◽  
Ventral Nerve Cord ◽  
Florida Keys ◽  
Panulirus Argus ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Nerve Cords

In arthropods the perineurium surrounds the neuropile, consists of modified glial cells, and is the morphological basis for the blood-brain barrier. The perineurium is surrounded by an acellular neural lamella, sometimes containing scattered collagen-like fibrils. This perineurial-neural lamellar complex is thought to occur ubiquitously throughout the arthropods. This report describes a SEM and TEM study of the sheath surrounding the ventral nerve cord of Panulirus argus.Juvenile P. argus were collected from the Florida Keys and maintained in marine aquaria. Nerve cords were fixed for TEM in Karnovsky's fixative and saturated tannic acid in 0.1 M Na-cacodylate buffer, pH = 7.4; post-fixed in 1.0% OsO4 in the same buffer; dehydrated through a graded series of ethanols; embedded in Epon-Araldite; and examined in a Philips 200 TEM. Nerve cords were fixed for SEM in a similar manner except that tannic acid was not used.

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