Sources of variation in floral nectar production rate in Epilobium canum (Onagraceae): implications for natural selection

Oecologia ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Boose
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Floral Nectar ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Epilobium Canum

scholarly journals Variation in Nectar Volume and Sugar Concentration ofAllium ursinumL. ssp.ucrainicumin Three Habitats

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ágnes Farkas ◽  
Réka Molnár ◽  
Tamás Morschhauser ◽  
István Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Brown Forest Soil ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Floral Nectar ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Nectar Volume ◽  
Sessile Oak ◽  
Microclimatic Conditions ◽  
The Difference

Floral nectar volume and concentration of ramson (Allium ursinumL. ssp.ucrainicum) were investigated in three different habitats, including two types of sessile oak-hornbeam association on brown forest soil with clay illuviation and a silver lime-flowering ash rock forest association on rendzina. Daily nectar production ranged from 0.1 to 3.8 μL per flower with sugar concentrations of 25 to 50%. Mean nectar volumes and concentrations showed significant differences between freely exposed flowers and covered flowers, which had been isolated from flower visitors 24 h prior to nectar studies. Both the amount and quality of nectar were affected by microclimatic conditions and soil properties and varied between populations at different habitats. In the silver lime-flowering ash rock-forest association mean nectar volumes and concentrations were lower than in a typical sessile oak-hornbeam association on three occasions, the difference being significant in two cases. During full bloom, the date of sampling did not have a profound effect on either nectar volume or concentration.

NATURAL SELECTION ON EXTRAFLORAL NECTAR PRODUCTION IN CHAMAECRISTA FASCICULATA: THE COSTS AND BENEFITS OF A MUTUALISM TRAIT

Evolution ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 2657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew T. Rutter ◽  
Mark D. Rausher
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Extrafloral Nectar ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Chamaecrista Fasciculata ◽  
Nectar Production

scholarly journals Dracula’s mistress: removal of blood-red floral nectar results in secretion of more nectar

2020 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Thomas Mione ◽  
Isaac Argeo Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
Floral Nectar ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Total Sugar Content ◽  
Nectar Volume ◽  
Floral Nectary ◽  
Floral Longevity ◽  
Nectar Replenishment

Background and aims – Flowers of Jaltomata quipuscoae (Solanaceae) secrete blood-red nectar that serves as an energy reward and possible attractant to pollinators. The purposes of this study were to determine whether simulated pollinator visits (manual removal of nectar) stimulates replenishment of nectar, and report the pattern of nectar presentation during the lifespan of the flower. Methods – For the nectar replenishment experiments flowers were paired: each pair of flowers was selected to be on the same plant and at the same developmental stage. From all 62 flowers nectar was removed and discarded (not measured) at time zero. Then, over a period of eight hours, the nectar of one flower was measured four times, i.e., every two hours, while nectar of the paired control flower was measured only at the end of the eight-hour period. In the nectar dynamics experiment five sets of flowers received different treatments: flowers were unmanipulated for zero, one, two, three or four days and then nectar was removed once every day. The volume of nectar produced and concentration of sugar in the nectar were recorded at each extraction for both studies.Key results – In the nectar replenishment study significantly higher nectar volume and consequently significantly higher total sugar content was present in the experimental nectar-extracted flowers. In the nectar dynamics study, nectar was produced starting on day one or two, continuously through the life of the open flowers until one or two days before the corolla senesced. Delay of nectar removal from different flower sets for zero, one, two, three or four days resulted in a linear increase in nectar volume and total nectar sugar production, and had little or no effect on the cumulative (life of the flower) nectar production. Floral longevity, seven to ten days, was not affected by a single removal of nectar each day.Conclusions – The floral nectary of J. quipuscoae responded to nectar removal by secreting more nectar, and thus more total sugar (not a higher concentration of sugar) than was secreted by control flowers. In flowers from which nectar was not removed, nectar volume and thus total sugar secreted continued to accumulate linearly, suggesting that reabsorption of nectar either does not occur or is slow relative to the rate of secretion. The more we (or pollinators) take, the more the flowers make: the volume of nectar and sugar production increase if nectar is removed frequently but not if nectar is removed infrequently.

Rewards 2: The Biology of Nectar

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pat Willmer
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nectar Secretion ◽  
Water Reward ◽  
Floral Nectar ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Nectar Volume ◽  
Floral Reward ◽  
Nectar Concentration

This chapter examines the biology of nectar, the main secondary floral reward in an evolutionary sense. As a commodity, nectar is easy for plants to produce and easy for animals to handle; its sugars are simple to metabolize and thus to use as a readily available fuel for an animal’s activities. Nectar is a crucial factor in determining the interactions of flowers and their visitors. The chapter first provides an overview of how floral nectar is produced in a nectary before discussing nectar secretion, the chemical composition of nectar, and nectar volume. It then considers nectar concentration and viscosity, nectar as a sugar and energy reward, and nectar as a water reward. It also explores daily, seasonal, and phylogenetic patterns of nectar production, how flowers control their nectar and their pollinators, and problems in measuring and quantifying nectar. The chapter concludes with an analysis of the costs of nectar gathering.

scholarly journals Floral nectar production and carbohydrate composition and the structure of receptacular nectaries in the invasive plant Bunias orientalis L. (Brassicaceae)

PROTOPLASMA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 253 (6) ◽  
pp. 1489-1501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bożena Denisow ◽  
Marzena Masierowska ◽  
Sebastian Antoń
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Carbohydrate Composition ◽  
Floral Nectar ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Bunias Orientalis

scholarly journals Floral and reproductive biology of Matisia cordata (fam: malvaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariluz Aguilar Castro ◽  
Daily Gómez Ramírez ◽  
Verónica Álvarez Osorio ◽  
Sandra Muriel Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Floral Nectar ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Floral Visitors ◽  
Allogamous Species ◽  
Floral Bud ◽  
Fruit Formation ◽  
Fruit Stage

Abstract In Colombia there is a large diversity of promising fruit trees, one of them is Matisia cordata. Sapoti species is appreciated by the consumers, although it is produced in small volumes by traditional productors. The objective of this research is to describe the floral and reproductive biology of sapoti, including floral visitors that act as biotic pollination agents. The study was conducted in two farms, between February/2016 and July/2017. In the first farm, floral buds were marked to follow the stages until fruit formation, pollination mechanism was studied, and floral visitors were collected for identification. In the second farm, flowers were marked to measure the floral nectar production. The duration from floral bud to ripe fruit was 269 days, the 2.7% of the flowers reached the fruit stage. Twenty-five floral visitors were registered, seven of which contacted the sexual whorls, specially Meliponini bees, hummingbirds and bats from Artibeus and Glossophaga genus. M. cordata is a prevalently allogamous species, it attracts diurnal and nocturnal animals, which can contribute to the pollination process. The flowers produced 1.6 ml of nectar with a sugar content from 6.2 to 11 °Brix. The sapoti flowers constitute an abundant and valuable resource for animals from the region.

scholarly journals Knockdown of MYB305 disrupts nectary starch metabolism and floral nectar production

2012 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangyu Liu ◽  
Robert W. Thornburg
Keyword(s):  
Starch Metabolism ◽  
Floral Nectar ◽  
Nectar Production

scholarly journals Floral Nectar Production and Nectary Anatomy and Ultrastructure of Echinacea purpurea (Asteraceae)

2005 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
TYLER J. WIST ◽  
ARTHUR R. DAVIS
Keyword(s):  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Floral Nectar ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Anatomy And Ultrastructure

scholarly journals The structure of some floral elements and the nectar production rate of Polemonium caeruleum L.

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirosława Chwil
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Corolla Tube ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Adaxial Side ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Nectar Guides ◽  
Cuticular Ornamentation ◽  
Scanning Electron

The present study, carried out in the period 2008 - 2009, covered some morphological and anatomical features of the flowers of <i>Polemonium caeruleum</i> L. and their nectar production rate in the climatic conditions of the Lublin region. Observations were made with stereoscopic, light and scanning electron microscopy. Nectar production in the flowers was determined using the pipette method. The flowers of <i>Polemonium caeruleum</i> develop a calyx covered by an epidermis with numerous non-glandular and glandular trichomes. The secretory trichomes are composed of a several-celled stalk and a four-celled head. At the boundary of the corolla tube and the lobes, there is white colouration with violet nectar guides. The epidermis in this region produces several-celled living trichomes that close the entry into the corolla tube, thereby protecting the nectar accumulated in it. These hairs are at the same time glistening colour attractants for insects. The tripartite stigma of the pistil is covered, from the adaxial side, by unicellular papillae with striated cuticular ornamentation, growing at high density. Around the ovary there is located a nectariferous disc, in the form of a free projection, which secrets nectar with sugar concentration of 29 - 52% and sugar weight ranging 1.1 - 1.8 mg/flower.

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