The importance of HbA1c and glucose variability in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: outcome of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (S1) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Sartore ◽  
Nino Cristiano Chilelli ◽  
Silvia Burlina ◽  
Paola Di Stefano ◽  
Francesco Piarulli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Continuous Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Glucose Variability ◽  
Diabetes Outcome

68-LB: Acute Diabetes Events and All-Cause Hospitalizations among Continuous Glucose Monitoring Device Recipients with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: A Comparison of FreeStyle Libre and Dexcom

Diabetes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 68-LB
Author(s):  
IRL B. HIRSCH ◽  
GREGORY J. ROBERTS ◽  
JENNIFER JOSEPH ◽  
YELENA NABUTOVSKY ◽  
NAUNIHAL VIRDI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Continuous Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Device ◽  
Freestyle Libre ◽  
Acute Diabetes

scholarly journals Resistance to Acetaminophen Interference in a Novel Continuous Glucose Monitoring System

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Calhoun ◽  
Terri Kang Johnson ◽  
Jonathan Hughes ◽  
David Price ◽  
Andrew K. Balo
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Continuous Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Interference Effect ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Post Dose ◽  
The Difference

Acetaminophen (APAP) can cause erroneously high readings in real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGM) systems. APAP-associated bias in an investigational rtCGM system (G6) was evaluated by taking the difference in glucose measurements between rtCGM and YSI from 1 hour before to 6 hours after a 1-g oral APAP dose in 66 subjects with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The interference effect was defined as the average post-dose (30-90 minutes) bias minus the average baseline bias for each subject. The clinically meaningful interference effect was defined as 10 mg/dL. The G6 system’s overall mean (±SD) interference effect was 3.1 ± 4.8 mg/dL (one-sided upper 95% CI = 4.1 mg/dL), significantly lower than 10 mg/dL. The G6 system’s resistance to APAP interference should provide reassurance to those using the drug.

scholarly journals Nocturnal Hypoglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-103
Author(s):  
Simona Clus ◽  
Gabriela Crețeanu ◽  
Amorin Popa
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Glucose Variability ◽  
Ambulatory Setting ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Nocturnal Hypoglycemia

Abstract Background and aims: It is known that the majority of critical unacknowledged hypoglycemia has an increased incidence in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) with a long evolution. The aim of this research is to evaluate the variability of glucose level and hypoglycemic events in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) having pharmacological interventions with hypoglycemic risk. These events are sometimes asymptomatic also in T2DM: frequently in elderly, patients with autonomic neuropathy, or having a long evolution of disease. Material and method: This analysis includes 72 patients with T2DM, with a relative good metabolic control, and possible glucose fluctuations. Glucose variability was appreciated using continuous glucose monitoring systems (CGMS) used for more than 72 hours in hospital or ambulatory setting. Results: The incidence, duration and severity of hypoglycemia are not correlated with HbA1c value, age, disease duration or treatment. Approximately a quarter of patients had nocturnal hypoglycemia and in 37,5% of events hypoglycemia was prolonged, more 45 minutes. Clinical manifestations in diurnal hypoglycemia were presents in only 40% of the recorded events. Conclusions: The study suggested that CGMS is beneficial for patients with type 2 diabetes, with hypoglycemic risk and complications, to adjusted medication, education and prevention the cardiovascular events.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Realtime Continuous Glucose Monitoring in People with Type 2 Diabetes

2012 ◽  
Vol 08 (01) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Susan Walker ◽  
Stephanie J Fonda ◽  
Sara Salkind ◽  
Robert A Vigersky ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Continuous Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Previous research has shown that realtime continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) is a useful clinical and lifestyle aid for people with type 1 diabetes. However, its usefulness and efficacy for people with type 2 diabetes is less known and potentially controversial, given the continuing controversy over the efficacy of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in this cohort. This article reviews theextantliterature on RT-CGM for people with type 2 diabetes, and enumerates several of the advantages and disadvantages of this technology from the perspective of providers and patients. Even patients with type 2 diabetes who are not using insulin and/or are relatively well controlled on oral medications have been shown to spend a significant amount of time each day in hyperglycemia. Additional tools beyond SMBG are necessary to enable providers and patients to clearly grasp and manage the frequency and amplitude of glucose excursions in people with type 2 diabetes who are not on insulin. While SMBG is useful for measuring blood glucose levels, patients do not regularly check and SMBG does not enable many to adequately manage blood glucose levels or capture marked and sustained hyperglycemic excursions. RT-CGM systems, valuable diabetes management tools for people with type 1 diabetes or insulin-treated type 2 diabetes, have recently been used in type 2 diabetes patients. Theextantstudies, although few, have demonstrated that the use of RT-CGM has empowered people with type 2 diabetes to improve their glycemic control by making and sustaining healthy lifestyle choices.

scholarly journals Associations between continuous glucose monitoring-derived metrics and diabetic retinopathy and albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e001923
Author(s):  
Satomi Wakasugi ◽  
Tomoya Mita ◽  
Naoto Katakami ◽  
Yosuke Okada ◽  
Hidenori Yoshii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Continuous Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Glucose Variability ◽  
Proportional Odds Models ◽  
Diabetic Microvascular Complications ◽  
Hba1c Levels

IntroductionPreventing the development and progression of diabetic microvascular complications through optimal blood glucose control remains an important challenge. Whether metrics based on continuous glucose monitoring are useful for the management of diabetic microvascular complications is not entirely clear.Research design and methodsThis is an exploratory analysis of an ongoing prospective, multicenter, 5-year follow-up observational study. Study participants included 999 outpatients with type 2 diabetes who underwent continuous glucose monitoring at baseline. Associations between continuous glucose monitoring-derived metrics and the severity of diabetic retinopathy or albuminuria were investigated using multivariable proportional odds models.ResultsThe overall prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was 22.2%. Multivariate analysis with proportional odds models demonstrated that continuous glucose monitoring-derived metrics related to intraday and interday glucose variability are significantly associated with the severity of diabetic retinopathy, even after adjusting for various possible risk factors. However, significant relationships were not observed after adjusting for hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels. The prevalence of microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria was 20.3% and 6.7%, respectively. Similarly, multivariate analysis demonstrated that those metrics are significantly associated with the severity of albuminuria. These relationships remained significant even after further adjusting for HbA1c levels.ConclusionsContinuous glucose monitoring-derived metrics related to intraday and interday glucose variability are significantly associated with the severity of diabetic retinopathy or albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes. Thus, evaluating these metrics might possibly be useful for risk assessment of diabetic microvascular complications.Trial registration number UMIN000032325.

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