scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo characterization of a West Nile virus MAD78 infectious clone

2014 ◽  
Vol 159 (11) ◽  
pp. 3113-3118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine L. Hussmann ◽  
Rianna Vandergaast ◽  
Susan Park Ochsner ◽  
Albert C. Huang ◽  
Michael Gale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Infectious Clone ◽  
West Nile ◽  
In Vivo Characterization

scholarly journals In Vitro Resistance Selection and In Vivo Efficacy of Morpholino Oligomers against West Nile Virus

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 2470-2482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tia S. Deas ◽  
Corey J. Bennett ◽  
Susan A. Jones ◽  
Mark Tilgner ◽  
Ping Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Binding Site ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
Infectious Clone ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
West Nile ◽  
In Vivo Efficacy ◽  
Conserved Sequence

ABSTRACT We characterize in vitro resistance to and demonstrate the in vivo efficacy of two antisense phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs) against West Nile virus (WNV). Both PMOs were conjugated with an Arg-rich peptide. One peptide-conjugated PMO (PPMO) binds to the 5′ terminus of the viral genome (5′-end PPMO); the other targets an essential 3′ RNA element required for genome cyclization (3′ conserved sequence I [3′ CSI] PPMO). The 3′ CSI PPMO displayed a broad spectrum of antiflavivirus activity, suppressing WNV, Japanese encephalitis virus, and St. Louis encephalitis virus, as demonstrated by reductions in viral titers of 3 to 5 logs in cell cultures, likely due to the absolute conservation of the 3′ CSI PPMO-targeted sequences among these viruses. The selection and sequencing of PPMO-resistant WNV showed that the 5′-end-PPMO-resistant viruses contained two to three mismatches within the PPMO-binding site whereas the 3′ CSI PPMO-resistant viruses accumulated mutations outside the PPMO-targeted region. The mutagenesis of a WNV infectious clone demonstrated that the mismatches within the PPMO-binding site were responsible for the 5′-end PPMO resistance. In contrast, a U insertion or a G deletion located within the 3′-terminal stem-loop of the viral genome was the determinant of the 3′ CSI PPMO resistance. In a mouse model, both the 5′-end and 3′ CSI PPMOs (administered at 100 or 200 μg/day) partially protected mice from WNV disease, with minimal to no PPMO-mediated toxicity. A higher treatment dose (300 μg/day) caused toxicity. Unconjugated PMOs (3 mg/day) showed neither efficacy nor toxicity, suggesting the importance of the peptide conjugate for efficacy. The results suggest that a modification of the peptide conjugate composition to reduce its toxicity yet maintain its ability to effectively deliver PMO into cells may improve PMO-mediated therapy.

scholarly journals Characterization of mosquito-adapted West Nile virus

2008 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 1633-1642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander T. Ciota ◽  
Amy O. Lovelace ◽  
Yongqing Jia ◽  
Lauren J. Davis ◽  
David S. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Mutant Spectrum ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Virus Adaptation ◽  
Cell Spread

West Nile virus (WNV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, has significantly expanded its geographical and host range since its 1999 introduction into North America. The underlying mechanisms of evolution of WNV and other arboviruses are still poorly understood. Studies evaluating virus adaptation and fitness in relevant in vivo systems are largely lacking. In order to evaluate the capacity for host-specific adaptation and the genetic correlates of adaptation in vivo, this study measured phenotypic and genotypic changes in WNV resulting from passage in Culex pipiens mosquitoes. An increase in replicative ability of WNV in C. pipiens was attained for the two lineages of WNV tested. This adaptation for replication in mosquitoes did not result in a replicative cost in chickens, but did decrease cell-to-cell spread of virus in vertebrate cell culture. Genetic analyses of one mosquito-adapted lineage revealed a total of nine consensus nucleotide substitutions with no accumulation of a significant mutant spectrum. These results differed significantly from previous in vitro studies. When St Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV), a closely related flavivirus, was passaged in C. pipiens, moderately attenuated growth in C. pipiens was observed for two lineages tested. These results suggest that significant differences in the capacity for mosquito adaptation may exist between WNV and SLEV, and demonstrate that further comparative studies in relevant in vivo systems will help elucidate the still largely unknown mechanisms of arboviral adaptation in ecologically relevant hosts.

In vitro and in vivo characterization of graphene oxide coated porcine bone granules

Carbon ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 291-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Ettorre ◽  
Patrizia De Marco ◽  
Susi Zara ◽  
Vittoria Perrotti ◽  
Antonio Scarano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
In Vivo Characterization

P.3.d.011 In vitro and in vivo characterization of glycine transporter type-1 by two inhibitors, Org-24461 and NFPS

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. S435 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Marko ◽  
G. Szabo ◽  
S. Udvari ◽  
M. Agoston ◽  
E. Szabo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Transporter ◽  
In Vivo Characterization

scholarly journals Correction to “Improving Paclitaxel Delivery: In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of PEGylated Polyphosphoester-Based Nanocarriers”

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (21) ◽  
pp. 6972-6972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuwu Zhang ◽  
Shiyi Zhang ◽  
Stephanie F. Pollack ◽  
Richen Li ◽  
Amelia M. Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vivo Characterization

Synthesis, in vitro and in vivo characterization of novel 99mTc-‘4+1’-labeled 5-nitroimidazole derivatives as potential agents for imaging hypoxia

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 679-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Giglio ◽  
Soledad Fernández ◽  
Hans-Jürgen Pietzsch ◽  
Sylvia Dematteis ◽  
María Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vivo Characterization

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo characterization of new swine-origin H1N1 influenza viruses

Nature ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 460 (7258) ◽  
pp. 1021-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasushi Itoh ◽  
Kyoko Shinya ◽  
Maki Kiso ◽  
Tokiko Watanabe ◽  
Yoshihiro Sakoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
In Vivo Characterization
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