scholarly journals Trade agreements and international technology transfer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Martínez-Zarzoso ◽  
Santiago Chelala
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Trade Flow ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Regional Trade Agreements ◽  
International Technology Transfer ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Heterogeneous Effect ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractThis is the first paper that analyzes for a global sample of countries how trade agreements that include technology-related provisions impact exports of goods, and how this impact differs depending on the technology content of the goods. It includes estimations of a structural gravity model for a panel of 176 countries over the period 1995–2015. The model differentiates between provisions relating technology transfer, technical cooperation, research and development, and patents and intellectual property rights. It also estimates the differences in these effects depending on whether the trade flow in question is between countries with similar or different levels of development. The main results indicate that regional trade agreements (RTAs) that contain technology provisions generate a significantly higher volume of trade than RTAs that do not, after controlling for the depth of the RTAs. For countries that ratify RTAs that include such provisions, it is exports of technology-intensive goods that increase the most. Trade agreements including such provisions have a heterogeneous effect that varies by income level of the trading partners and depends on the extent to which the RTA incorporates other provisions.

scholarly journals Impact of Regional Trade Agreements on India’s Trade Potential: The Case of SAARC and APTA

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rinku Manocha
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Trade Flow ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Regional Trade Agreements ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Trading Bloc ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Trade Potential ◽  
Liberal Trade ◽  
The Impact

In view of the growing importance of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) in the era of trade liberalization, we examine the impact of two significant RTAs of India, SAARC trading bloc and APTA, on its trade potential. We employ panel data regression on an augmented gravity model using data over the period 1991-2016 for 23 Asian countries which are India’s trading partners. In order to capture the impact of explanatory variables, the study uses fixed effects estimation and Hausman Taylor estimation. Our results show that conventional gravity variables such as GDP of the trading partners and liberal trade policies are significant determinants of India’s trade. The results for variables of interest, APTA and SAPTA (for SAARC) export/import creation indicate that both the trading bloc are facilitating India’s trade flow. The ‘age’ variable for SAARC trading bloc show that India’s imports from SAARC nations has significantly reduced with the passage of time and India’s exports to APTA trading bloc is more or less stagnant since the last decade. While China and Korea are dominating intra-APTA exports but India’s intra-SAARC exports are gaining more strength with passage of time.

Technology Transfer and Regional Trade Agreements

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Santacreu ◽  
Jesse LaBelle
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Regional Trade Agreements ◽  
Regional Trade

Impact of Globalisation on India’s exports with special reference to Regional Trade Agreements

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niti Bhasin ◽  
Rinku Manocha
Keyword(s):  
Host Country ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Regional Trade Agreements ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Partner Country ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
The Impact

Coinciding with the era of globalisation, there has been a rise in the number and depth of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) in the Asian region. As India has also been a part of this growing trend, this paper attempt to identify the determinants of India’s exports with special focus on the role of globalisation and RTAs of India. We employ panel data regression on an augmented gravity model to examine the effects of these variables. To capture the globalisation effect, we have included trade openness of the host country. For RTAs, we have taken two variables; one which indicates the presence or absence of an RTA in a given year; and second is the number of RTAs between India and its partner country. Using data for nine countries which are India’s trading partners over the period 1991-2012, we find that GDP and GDP per capita of the host country are significant determinants of India’s exports. Trade openness which is an indicator of globalisation is positive and highly significant indicating that trade openness of the partner country has resulted in increased Indian exports to that country. Of the two variables capturing the impact of RTAs, the variable defining the number of RTAs negotiated with trading partners is positive and significant. The results show that while presence of an RTA may have a positive impact on Indian exports, they are still not a prime consideration. At the same time, the width of integration is having a significant positive impact on India’s export.

The High Price of “Free” Trade: U.S. Trade Agreements and Access to Medicines

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Lopert ◽  
Deborah Gleeson
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Patent Protection ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Access To Medicines ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regional Trade Agreements ◽  
High Price ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Global Agreement

The United States’ pursuit of increasingly TRIPS-Plus levels of intellectual property protection for medicines in bilateral and regional trade agreements is well recognized. Less so, however, are U.S. efforts through these agreements, to directly influence and constrain the pharmaceutical coverage programs of its trading partners. The pursuit of increasing levels of intellectual property (IP) protection in successive bilateral and regional trade agreements has been driven, at least in part, by a U.S. desire to achieve standards of protection it anticipated from the TRIPS Agreement, but failed to secure. Despite the conclusion of a global agreement on IP standards that would establish significant protections in countries that had hitherto declined them, the U.S. pharmaceutical industry viewed TRIPS as falling well short of its objectives — particularly in light of the delayed introduction of patent protection in countries that are key suppliers of generic medicines, such as India.

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