Trade Potential of Indigenous Ornamental Fishes of Arunachal Pradesh, India

Arunachal Pradesh is rich with networks of drainage systems with enormous wild fish diversity due to varied climatic and topographical features. Most of the streams harbour very alluring small indigenous minnows, loaches, catfishes and barbs that have hardly been exploited for the ornamental fish market. If these aquatic resources are sustainably utilised as a trade commodity, then the pattern of livelihood of the local populace may be uplifted economically. The present investigation was undertaken to establish the market potential of certain indigenous ornamental fishes of Arunachal Pradesh. The survey was conducted during 2019–2020 for 6 months (October–March) based on the feasibility of accessible collections. A total of 52 ornamental fish species under 6 orders and 15 families were documented and collected during the surveys in various streams and rivers. The collection showed that 4 species namely Balitora brucei Gray, 1830, Aborichthys kempi Chaudhuri, 1913, Schistura devdevi Hora, 1935, and Neolissochilus hexagonolepis (McClelland, 1839) were recorded under near threatened; Lepidocephalichthys arunachalensis (Datta & Barman, 1984) and Botia rostrata Günther, 1868, under endangered and vulnerable categories, respectively as per International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) status. The species documented exhibiting natural ornamental features herein considered an indigenous ornamental fish (IOF) for depicting their market demand showing the minimal price of each individual species towards the development of organised trade in Arunachal Pradesh.

The Weimar Triangle: France, Germany, Poland in the Middle East. United Arab Emirates Perspective

The article’s scientific goal is to investigate the Weimar Triangle countries’ relations with the United Arab Emirates. Therefore, the author asks the research question. Are the Weimar Triangle states’ role and significance increasing in the external dimension of the European Union? Based on the example of the United Arab Emirates, the research adopted a hypothesis. It is the statement that after Brexit, the Weimar Triangle countries have a chance to improve their importance in the EU external activities. Apart from case studies, to revise the hypothesis, the author performed a meticulous comparative analysis. Moreover, the research implemented International Practice Theory as an appropriate tool to investigate the presented issue. This empirical research and its findings resulted from over ten years of the author’s direct observation, analysis, and participation in many initiatives, both in the European Union and in the United Arab Emirates. The Middle East for the Weimar Triangle countries is more significant than just from a trade potential perspective. The situation in this region is also affecting Europe, as well as global security architecture. For this reason, one should develop a coherent and comprehensive EU foreign and security policy towards the region, and the Weimar Triangle formula should be one of its pillars.

An analysis of trade cooperation: Central region in China and ASEAN

China-ASEAN are the two huge markets in trade world, they can bring out greater dynamism from within their economies and contribute to regional economic development. This study explores the present situation on the trade between the Central region of China and ASEAN through empirical assessment and try to find the potential effects and trade flows between them. Firstly, we analysis the trade integration index, HM index, explicit comparative advantage index, and trade complementarity index. Finally, we use the gravity model of international trade and data on 2006–2018. The bilateral trade relations between the central region and ASEAN are getting closer, but the central region has not yet become the major trade area of ASEAN countries in the Chinese market. The bilateral economic development level plays a positive role in promoting the export trade between the Central region and ASEAN, while the bilateral distance plays a negative role in difficulty. The empirical results show that trade potential between the Central region and Indonesia and the Philippines is huge, and there is still opportunity for the development of the trade potential with Thailand. The trade prospective with Malaysia, Singapore and Vietnam is limited, and new approaches need to be developed to achieve further trade cooperation.

South Africa in Intra-African Trade: Key Trends and Perspectives

The research is motivated by the extensive literature on the role of African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) in boosting intra-African trade. The main contribution of the research to the academic field is that the author comprehensively approaches the impact of the AfCFTA on a separate economy, whereas the majority of the papers on the issue has focused on general effects. We consider that South Africa holds an important position in regional trade and will significantly grow and diversify its exports to the rest of Africa, as tariff and non-tariff barriers are eventually relaxed or removed entirely. This study aims to estimate the trade potential for South Africa with the rest of the continent in the context of the upcoming AfCFTA. The research questions raised are: Are there any trade opportunities for South Africa in Africa? What are the potential markets in Africa which need policymakers’ attention as far as the African Continental Free Trade Area is concerned? The study evaluates trade potentials in two steps. First, existing trade flows between South Africa and its AfCFTA-partners are analyzed, and volume of exports and geographic distribution are surveyed. After that, indexes and trade indicators are computed to assess opportunities for South Africa’s exports in each country partner. The finding reveals that there are unexploited trade opportunities for South Africa on the continent. The four more effective options are Tunisia, Egypt, Algeria, Morocco. Nevertheless, South Africa is more likely to pay attention to less remote countries with high trade complementarity. Among them, there are Uganda, Tanzania, Kenya, Togo, Senegal, Cape Verde and Burundi. So, when designing the national African Continental Free Trade Area strategy, as it is done, South Africa could prioritize the issue of those markets.

Trade Potential in Arab Nations: The Case of the GCC and PAFTA

We examine trade flows for Arab nations concentrating on the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and Pan-Arab Free Trade Area (PAFTA) areas, to identify opportunities to enhance intra-Arab trade and facilitate regional integration. We employ panel data for the years 2003–2017 and a structural gravity model together with an “aggregate” trade potential measure that treats the GCC and PAFTA areas as single countries. Results suggest that, by 2015, intra-area trade had reached maximum capacity for both blocs. Potential to trade also reached capacity with many of the largest Free Trade Areas around the world, however, opportunities for trade expansion that still exist with the MERCOSUR and ASEAN, as well as many distinct destinations, can assist in strategic planning to enhance integration efforts.

Methodology for the latent indicators formation

The food industry is the most important link in the food realm of the country, determining the possibility of its autonomous existence in critical situations. This type of industry plays a leading role in solving the issue of providing the population with food products in a sufficient range and quantity. The food industry is in demand all over the world, since the need for food is the basic need of every person. The uniqueness of the Russian food industry is determined by its close connection to regional peculiarities and, as a result, the uneven distribution of food industry enterprises across the country. The study is devoted to the analysis of interrelationships of the food industry indicators with the indicators of the socio-economic sphere and the formation of latent indicators of the economy according to the indicators of de- velopment of the food industry on the example of the Volga Federal District. The paper presents a multidimensional study of the closeness of relationship between the indicators of the food industry and the indicators of the socio- economic sphere using canonical analysis. The indicators of the food industry have the greatest connection with the indicators of public health, since the significant coefficient of canonical correlation in 2019 was more than 0.6. In this group of indicators, the analysis of canonical correlation revealed that such indicators as the production of livestock and poultry for slaughter, as well as the gross harvest of vegetables, have the most significant influence. The coefficients for the indicators of total fertility and mortality rates are dramatically high in the studied groups. This indicates that the de- terioration in the quality and quantity of products will lead to a decrease in the birth rate and an increase in the mortality rate. In this paper, based on canonical variables, the visualization of multidimensional data is carried out and a method for classifying regions in according to their resources and potential is proposed. The results of clustering focusing on the plant resources and trade potential show which territorial authorities situated close can exchange technological experi- ence and provide support to each other. The paper also ranks the entities of the Volga Federal District, according the degree of impact of the food sector indicators with the use of latent indicators.

The Future Potential and Prospects of SAARC Regional Grouping: A Study

The renewed and reinvigorated engagement of India with the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) over the past few years has been one of the significant factors leading to the gradual and irreversible transition of the regional organisation from a declaratory phase to one of implementation (Bhagwati, 2008). The recent developments in the South Asian region, especially the new growth momentum that is observed and increasing openness that brings a fresh look at the economic integration of the region. In this context the study examines the opportunities and commodity potential of trade between India and the SAARC countries by adopting a variety of trade indices of export intensity index and import intensity index along with Gini coefficient. The authors further study the commodity trade potential between India and the SAARC countries by adopting the revealed comparative advantage index and revealed import dependency index. The study concludes an increasing export intensity and import intensity of trade between India and the other SAARC member countries. Finally, the values of Gravity coefficient and commodity analysis find a high trade potential between them and the untapped trade and investment scenario that could be tapped by strengthening the regional block of SAARC.

Turning Crisis into Opportunity: Unfolding Ukraine’s Trade Potential with the Canada-Ukraine Free Trade Agreement

To offset the devastating effects of the trade war waged by the Russian Federation, Ukraine has undertaken laudable efforts since 2014 to negotiate new trade agreements with other states. Against this background, the negotiations of the Canada-Ukraine Free Trade Agreement were finalized and the agreement came into force on 1 August 2017. This article explores the positive impact of this agreement on bilateral trade flow between the states and describes its potential contribution to unfolding Ukraine’s trade potential.

Determining criteria interaction and criteria priorities in the freight village location selection process: the experts' perspective in Turkey

PurposeConsidering the contribution of freight villages (FVs) to the economy and sector, transportation cost advantage, environmental externalities, labor costs, employment, etc. criteria evaluation is important in selecting FV location. Environmental sustainability and social dimensions are becoming important criteria for companies in logistics. The purpose of the study is to determine/model the criteria interaction and also determine the criteria priorities in the FV location selection process. Meanwhile, the study aims to evaluate these criteria and present information to researchers and decision makers.Design/methodology/approachSix main criteria and 29 sub-criteria are selected from related literature. Decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method is used for determining/modeling the criteria interaction and sketching interaction diagram, and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is used for determining the criteria priorities. One/two-way pairwise compared main/sub-criteria views are obtained from 48 experts for calculations.Findings“Trade potential”, “transportation networks” and “economic factors” have the highest priorities, respectively, out of six main criteria, and they have the most powerful interactions that put these criteria to the center of decision process. Sub-criteria of “foreign trade potential”, “proximity to the port”, “market opportunities” and “proximity to the railway” out of 29 have a total 36.42% priority, more than one-third of the importance.Originality/valueCriteria are evaluated in FV location selection for FV sustainability using criteria interaction diagrams, affecting/being affected by the level of each criterion and their priorities. This study shows a hybrid derivation from DEMATEL-AHP usage methods together. High-volumed and qualified/experienced expert group judgments in Turkey are evaluated.