Regulating Information Disclosure in Mutual Fund Advertising in the United States: Will Consumers Utilize Cost Information?

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth A. Pontari ◽  
Andrea J. S. Stanaland ◽  
Tom Smythe
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mutual Fund ◽  
Information Disclosure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cost Information ◽  
Mutual Fund Advertising

scholarly journals Informed consent to clinical research in India: A private law remedy

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-283
Author(s):  
Himani Bhakuni
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Patient Relationship ◽  
Treatment Context

There is a well-established common law doctrine for ascertaining information disclosure in informed consent claims within the treatment context that governs the doctor–patient relationship. But there is no such doctrine in clinical research governing the researcher–participant relationship in India. India, however, is not exceptional in this regard. Common law countries like the United States and Canada at most have sparse, non-systematised, criteria for such cases; arguably, a doctrine for research is at its nascent stage. But the adequacy of the existing criteria for settling informed consent claims in research has hardly ever been discussed. Furthermore, a specific discussion on the applicability of this ‘nascent doctrine’ to India is non-existent. This article discusses both. The article examines case law from India and other common law jurisdictions that hint at developments in this area. It suggests that Indian courts need to move abreast with other jurisdictions to better protect India’s patients and research participants.

scholarly journals Economic costs of biological invasions in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Fantle-Lepczyk ◽  
Phillip J. Haubrock ◽  
Ross N Cuthbert ◽  
Andrew M Kramer ◽  
Anna J Turbelin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cost Information ◽  
Global Database ◽  
Average Annual Cost ◽  
Terrestrial Habitats ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
National Economies ◽  
Damages And Losses

The United States has thousands of invasive species, representing a sizable, but unknown burden to the national economy. Given the potential economic repercussions of invasive species, quantifying these costs is of paramount importance both for national economies and invasion management. Here, we used a novel global database of invasion costs (InvaCost) to quantify the overall costs of invasive species in the United States across spatiotemporal, taxonomic, and socioeconomic scales. From 1960 to 2020, reported invasion costs totaled $4.52 trillion (USD 2017). Considering only observed, highly reliable costs, this total cost reached $1.22 trillion with an average annual cost of $19.94 billion/year. These costs increased from $2.00 billion annually between 1960-1969 to $21.08 billion annually between 2010-2020. Most costs (73%) were related to resource damages and losses ($896.22 billion), as opposed to management expenditures ($46.54 billion). Moreover, the majority of costs were reported from invaders from terrestrial habitats ($643.51 billion, 53%) and agriculture was the most impacted sector ($509.55 billion). From a taxonomic perspective, mammals ($234.71 billion) and insects ($126.42 billion) were the taxonomic groups responsible for the greatest costs. Considering the apparent rising costs of invasions, coupled with increasing numbers of invasive species and the current lack of cost information for most known invaders, our findings provide critical information for policymakers and managers.

The Estimating and Administration of Commercial Shipbuilding Contracts

1985 ◽  
Vol 22 (03) ◽  
pp. 286-292
Author(s):  
J. A. Byington
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cost Data ◽  
Years Of Experience ◽  
Cost Information ◽  
Change Orders

The author condenses his many years of experience as chief estimator of a large shipyard. He explains the organization of commercial shipbuilding contracts in the United States, and presents current cost data applicable to tugs, barges, product tankers and ferries. Cost information on general shipyard functions, voyage repairs and change orders is also presented. The guidelines for planning, preparing the estimate, and administrating are useful to anyone dealing with shipbuilding contracts.

Cross-Country and Cross-Sector CSR Variations

2017 ◽  
pp. 69-95
Author(s):  
Altay Dikeç ◽  
Victor Kane ◽  
Nejat Çapar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
The United States ◽  
Consumer Electronics ◽  
Telecommunication Services ◽  
Corporate Websites ◽  
Exchange Markets ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Corporate Social

From the days corporate social responsibility (CSR) became a topic of discussion, extensive amount of research is conducted on CSR in Western countries but still there is relatively little focus on some developed and developing countries. Moreover, relatively little research has compared cross-country and cross-sector CSR variations. Starting from this point, this article investigates the extent of CSR variations of a highly developed (the United States), a developed (South Korea) and a developing country (Turkey) through a detailed comparative analysis of CSR information disclosure on corporate websites of 50 CSR active companies listed in stock exchange markets of each country. For cross-sector comparison, these target corporations are selected from five different industries including consumer electronics & telecommunication services, automobile & component manufacturers, food & beverages, retail stores, and major banks. The research opens the door for more in-depth empirical study on why there are cross-country and cross-sector variations in CSR.

Cross-Country and Cross-Sector CSR Variations

2019 ◽  
pp. 1471-1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Altay Dikeç ◽  
Victor Kane ◽  
Nejat Çapar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
The United States ◽  
Consumer Electronics ◽  
Telecommunication Services ◽  
Corporate Websites ◽  
Exchange Markets ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Corporate Social

From the days corporate social responsibility (CSR) became a topic of discussion, extensive amount of research is conducted on CSR in Western countries but still there is relatively little focus on some developed and developing countries. Moreover, relatively little research has compared cross-country and cross-sector CSR variations. Starting from this point, this article investigates the extent of CSR variations of a highly developed (the United States), a developed (South Korea) and a developing country (Turkey) through a detailed comparative analysis of CSR information disclosure on corporate websites of 50 CSR active companies listed in stock exchange markets of each country. For cross-sector comparison, these target corporations are selected from five different industries including consumer electronics & telecommunication services, automobile & component manufacturers, food & beverages, retail stores, and major banks. The research opens the door for more in-depth empirical study on why there are cross-country and cross-sector variations in CSR.

scholarly journals Global Mutual Fund Industry Comparisons: Canada, The United Kingdom And The United States

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian D. Fitzpatrick ◽  
Daniel C. Hepp ◽  
Erinn J. Lott
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Mutual Funds ◽  
Mutual Fund ◽  
The United States ◽  
Equity Market ◽  
Expense Ratio ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Over Time

The concept of mutual funds is older than many believe, originating in Holland over 230 years ago.  Through the years, mutual funds have evolved by allowing investors to invest their capital in various venues.  The structure of mutual funds in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States possess similar configurations.  The majority of funds in all three nations are invested in the equity market.  Although the structure may be the same, the size in terms of assets varies by these three countries.  This is not the only difference though; the expense ratio is greatly differentiated, dramatically affecting the amount of return that the investor will anticipate over time.  Assuming identical returns, the authors illustrate that over a hypothetical ten-year time period, your funds would grow the most in the United States, followed by the United Kingdom and finally Canada.  This analysis assumes comparable contemporary expense ratios of 1.4% for the United States, 1.63% for the United Kingdom, and 2.1% for Canada.  In addition, we make the assumption that these comparison countries are having investors procure funds in no-load mutual funds.

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