Effects of soft-water acclimation on the physiology, swimming performance, and cardiac parameters of the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
È. B. Dussault ◽  
R. C. Playle ◽  
D. G. Dixon ◽  
R. S. McKinley
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Soft Water ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

Physiological Responses of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to Prolonged Exposure to Soft Water

1996 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1419-1441 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Perry ◽  
S. G. Reid ◽  
E. Wankiewicz ◽  
V. Iyer ◽  
K. M. Gilmour
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Soft Water ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

Individual variation and interrelationships between swimming performance, growth rate, and feeding in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 1583-1590 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Ryan Gregory ◽  
Chris M Wood
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Juvenile Rainbow Trout ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

Variation among individuals in specific growth rate (SGR), feeding, and two measures of swimming performance and their possible interrelationships were investigated in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) kept in groups on either satiation or half-satiation rations. Maximum sustainable velocity (Ucrit) was measured as an index of aerobic swimming performance and stamina (fatigue time in a fixed-velocity test at 6 body lengths ·s-1) as an index of anaerobic performance. Individual performance in both of these tests was found to be significantly repeatable. Trout fed on half-satiation ration exhibited significantly lower mean values of SGR and body size and higher levels of aggression-related fin damage, but no significant differences in stamina, relative or absolute Ucrit, glycogen content, or plasma cortisol. However, in these fish, there was a significant negative relationship between SGR and relative Ucrit, a significant positive relationship between SGR and stamina, and a significant positive relationship between SGR and total daily meal. None of these relationships were seen in fish fed to satiation. Plasma cortisol and tissue glycogen stores were not related to SGR. These results indicate that under the intensified competition of restricted ration, there are trade-offs between growth, feeding, and different types of swimming performance.

Metabolic Costs and Physiological Consequences of Acclimation to Aluminum in Juvenile Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). 2: Gill Morphology, Swimming Performance, and Aerobic Scope

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 536-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rod W. Wilson ◽  
Harold L. Bergman ◽  
Chris M. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Mucous Cell ◽  
Aerobic Scope ◽  
Fourfold Increase ◽  
Juvenile Rainbow Trout ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Oxygen Requirements

Juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, 5–13 g) were chronically exposed to sublethal Al (38 μg∙L−1) in acidified soft water (Na+ = 85, Ca2+ = 28 μEq∙L−1, pH 5.2–5.4) for 36 d. Acclimation (increased resistance to challenge with 162 μg Al∙L−1 Al at pH 5.2) occurred after 5 d and was associated with a fourfold increase in gill mucous cell density and reduction in apparent lamellar surface area; initially elevated blood–water diffusion distances returned to normal after 34 d, but the reduction in apparent surface area persisted. Chronic exposure to acid alone (pH 5.2, same water chemistry) caused no morphometric changes but resulted in persistent impairment of Ucrit (critical aerobic swimming speed) by about 10%. This was due to increased oxygen requirements at subcritical swimming speeds (loading stress) and was alleviated when trout were swum at pH 6.5 (zero Al) on day 36. In trout preexposed to sublethal Al, Ucrit was chronically impaired by approximately 16% due to loading stresses and reduction in the maximum rate of oxygen uptake, Mo2max (limiting stress); Ucrit and Mo2max remained depressed even when fish were swum at pH 6.5 (zero Al). Reduced gill area compromises the aerobic scope for activity but may be an unavoidable cost of acclimation to Al.

Metabolic Costs and Physiological Consequences of Acclimation to Aluminum in Juvenile Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). 1: Acclimation Specificity, Resting Physiology, Feeding, and Growth

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rod W. Wilson ◽  
Harold L. Bergman ◽  
Chris M. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Soft Water ◽  
Negligible Effect ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Rapid Loss ◽  
Juvenile Rainbow Trout ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Metabolic Costs ◽  
Pronounced Reduction

Juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, 5–13 g) became acclimated (i.e., increased their resistance to lethal Al levels, 162 μg∙L−1, pH 5.2) after only 5 d when exposed to sublethal AS (38 μg∙L−1) in acidified soft water (Na+ = 85, Ca2+ = 28 μEq∙L−1, pH 5.2). Acclimation was associated with reduced ionoregulatory and respiratory disturbances during lethal Al challenge and was maintained for at least 34 d. Acclimation was relatively specific to Al because no consistently improved resistance to lethal Cu (32 μg∙L−1, pH 5.2) was observed. Exposure to sublethal acid alone (pH 5.2) did not result in acclimation to lethal [H+] (pH 4.0) and caused a pronounced reduction in whole-body Na+ and Cl−. Sublethal acid + Al resulted in a more rapid loss of ions than sublethal acid alone over the first 10 d, but both groups subsequently recovered ionoregulatory status after 34 d. Exposure to sublethal acid alone had a negligible effect on feeding or growth. However, growth was impaired by 29% in Al-exposed trout, primarily the result of reduced appetite during the first 10 d. Decreased growth must be considered one of the costs of acclimation during chronic sublethal exposure to Al.

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