scholarly journals Propofol detection for monitoring of intravenous anaesthesia: a review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Ferrier ◽  
Janice Kiely ◽  
Richard Luxton
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Total Intravenous Anaesthesia ◽  
Real Time Monitoring ◽  
Intravenous Anaesthesia ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Intravenous Anaesthetic

AbstractThis paper presents a review of established and emerging methods for detecting and quantifying the intravenous anaesthetic propofol in solution. There is growing evidence of numerous advantages of total intravenous anaesthesia using propofol compared to conventional volatile-based anaesthesia, both in terms of patient outcomes and environmental impact. However, volatile-based anaesthesia still accounts for the vast majority of administered general anaesthetics, largely due to a lack of techniques for real-time monitoring of patient blood propofol concentration. Herein, propofol detection techniques that have been developed to date are reviewed alongside a discussion of remaining challenges.

scholarly journals Intravenous anaesthesia in goats: A review

2013 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Brighton Dzikiti
Keyword(s):  
General Anaesthesia ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Total Intravenous Anaesthesia ◽  
Intravenous Anaesthesia ◽  
Anaesthetic Agents ◽  
Inhalation Anaesthetic ◽  
Intravenous Anaesthetic ◽  
Balanced Anaesthesia

Intravenous anaesthesia is gradually becoming popular in veterinary practice. Traditionally, general anaesthesia is induced with intravenous drugs and then maintained with inhalation agents. Inhalation anaesthetic agents cause more significant dose-dependent cardiorespiratory depression than intravenous anaesthetic drugs, creating a need to use less of the inhalation anaesthetic agents for maintenance of general anaesthesia by supplementing with intravenous anaesthesia drugs. Better still, if anaesthesia is maintained completely with intravenous anaesthetic drugs, autonomic functions remain more stable intra-operatively. Patient recovery from anaesthesia is smoother and there is less pollution of the working environment than happens with inhalation anaesthetic agents. Recently, a number of drugs with profiles (pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic) suitable for prolonged intravenous anaesthesia have been studied, mostly in humans and, to a certain extent, in dogs and horses. There is currently very little scientific information on total intravenous anaesthesia in goats, although, in the past few years, some scholarly scientific articles on drugs suitable for partial intravenous anaesthesia in goats have been published. This review article explored the information available on drugs that have been assessed for partial intravenous anaesthesia in goats, with the aim of promoting incorporation of these drugs into total intravenous anaesthesia protocols in clinical practice. That way, balanced anaesthesia, a technique in which drugs are included in anaesthetic protocols for specific desired effects (hypnosis, analgesia, muscle relaxation, autonomic stabilisation) may be utilised in improving the welfare of goats undergoing general anaesthesia.

Comparison of Total Intravenous, Balanced Inhalational and Combined Intravenous-Inhalational Anaesthesia for Tympanoplasty, Septorhinoplasty and Adenotonsillectomy

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 574-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Van Den Berg ◽  
D. Savva ◽  
N. M. Honjol ◽  
N. V. Rama Prabhu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Anaesthetic Techniques ◽  
Total Intravenous Anaesthesia ◽  
Intravenous Anaesthesia ◽  
Haemodynamic Stability ◽  
Inhalational Anaesthetic ◽  
Inhalational Anaesthesia ◽  
Intravenous Anaesthetic ◽  
Induction Of Anaesthesia

Two hundred and thirty-five consecutive Saudi patients aged between two and fifty-three years undergoing elective tympanoplasty (n = 32), septorhinoplasty (n = 68) or adenotonsillectomy (n=135) were studied. They were randomized to receive either a total intravenous anaesthetic (10 ears, 23 noses, 44 throats) consisting of propofol for induction of anaesthesia followed by a propofol infusion, a combined intravenous-inhalational anaesthetic (11 ears, 22 noses, 46 throats) consisting of the above with isoflurane in oxygen-enriched air, or a balanced inhalational anaesthetic (11 ears, 23 noses, 45 throats) consisting of thiopentone for induction of anaesthesia and oxygen in nitrous oxide with isoflurane for maintenance. During tympanoplasty, all three anaesthetic techniques produced stable heart rates and arterial pressures. During septorhinoplasty, blood pressure rose in patients who received total intravenous anaesthesia, while combined and balanced techniques produced haemodynamic stability. During adenotonsillectomy, total intravenous anaesthesia produced a rise in both heart rate and blood pressure, the combined technique produced a rise in heart rate alone while balanced anaesthesia produced haemodynamic stability. Postoperatively, vomiting, pain scores and analgesic requirements were similar following all three types of anaesthetic within each surgical site subgroup. Our findings support the choice of balanced inhalational anaesthesia for all three types of ENT surgery and, where cost and facilities permit, total intravenous anaesthesia for tympanoplasty and combined intravenous-inhalational anaesthesia for septorhinoplasty.

Pharmacology and fluids

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-42
Author(s):  
Thomas Engelhardt
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Total Intravenous Anaesthesia ◽  
Small Children ◽  
Intravenous Anaesthesia ◽  
Anaesthetic Agents ◽  
Inhalational Anaesthetic ◽  
Intravenous Anaesthetic ◽  
Effective Use

Differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are important in small children. This chapter provides an overview of essential pharmacokinetic parameters and developmental aspects. Intravenous anaesthetic agents, including total intravenous anaesthesia models, are described. An overview of commonly used inhalational anaesthetic agents, sedatives, and neuromuscular blockers is given. The analgesic sections describe opioids, simple analgesics, and local anaesthetic agents. Paediatric indications, common side effects, and dosing are included for each agent. A fundamental understanding of developmental differences is key to the safe and effective use of anaesthetic drugs in children.

Is it time to stop using desflurane?

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Fiona Armstrong ◽  
Joseph Sebastian
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Anaesthetic Techniques ◽  
Total Intravenous Anaesthesia ◽  
Intravenous Anaesthesia

Desflurane has a carbon equivalence 20 times greater than sevoflurane. This article discusses alternative anaesthetic techniques, including sevoflurane, xenon, total intravenous anaesthesia and regional techniques, and methods of reducing venting of gases, which might lower the environmental impact of anaesthesia.

scholarly journals An analytical study of standard propofol- sufentanil target controlled infusion protocols for total intravenous anaesthesia requirements in an Indian population using bispectral index monitoring

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1528
Author(s):  
Maruti Gupta ◽  
Nitesh Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Bispectral Index ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Total Intravenous Anaesthesia ◽  
Depth Of Anaesthesia ◽  
Intravenous Anaesthesia ◽  
Target Controlled Infusion ◽  
Duration Of Surgery ◽  
Anaesthetic Depth ◽  
Intravenous Anaesthetic ◽  
Time Of Administration

Background: Target controlled infusion (TCI) is an automated and regulated total intravenous anaesthesia delivering device. On the basis of western pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models it delivers a calculated dosage of intravenous anaesthetic drugs to achieve an ideal anaesthetic plane. The depth of anaesthesia is judged by monitors such as bispectral index (BIS) monitors which gives a rough estimate whether the TCI is delivering more or less.Methods: This analytical study was carried out on 100 patients between 20 to 60 years of age in a teaching hospital. Simultaneous BIS monitoring and TCI were set on these patients. If BIS values went below 45 the target concentration was decreased by 0.5μg/ml and if it was more than Injection propofol was supplemented manually and the changes were collected and analyzed.Results: On analyses and comparison of the data with a western study it was found that the duration of surgery was similar in both studies. With the help of “t” test based on normal distribution it was found that group having BIS <45 and 45-60 were similar in both studies, but the group having BIS >60 was more statistically significant in the Indian population.Conclusions: Depth of anaesthesia was assessed with neurological monitor, BIS, at the time of administration of Target controlled infusion (TCI) and data acquired was compared with data from a western study. The two groups had similar anaesthetic depth levels with the same infusion protocols of Target controlled infusion (TCI).

1618: Real-Time Monitoring of Nitric Oxide and Blood Flow During Ischemia-Reperfusion in the Rat Testis

2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4S) ◽  
pp. 521-521
Author(s):  
Motoaki Saito ◽  
Tomoharu Kono ◽  
Yukako Kinoshita ◽  
Itaru Satoh ◽  
Keisuke Satoh
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Real Time Monitoring ◽  
Rat Testis

GaN heteroepitaxy by remote plasma MOCVD : Real time monitoring by laser reflectance interferometry

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (PR3) ◽  
pp. Pr3-1175-Pr3-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Losurdo ◽  
A. Grimaldi ◽  
M. Giangregorio ◽  
P. Capezzuto ◽  
G. Bruno
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Monitoring ◽  
Remote Plasma ◽  
Laser Reflectance
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