Pheromone Blend Analysis and Cross-Attraction among Populations of Maruca vitrata from Asia and West Africa

Abstract(E)-9-Dodecenyl acetate (E9-12:OAc) and (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate (Z9-12:OAc) are major components of the sex pheromone of the cherry bark tortrix (CBT), Enarmonia formosana (Scopoli), in British Columbia. The compounds were identified in extracts of female pheromone glands by coupled gas chromatographic – electroantennographic detection (GC–EAD) and coupled GC – mass spectrometry. In field experiments, traps baited with E9-12:OAc or Z9-12:OAc singly were unattractive to male CBT, but in combination at ratios of 50:50 or 40:60 captured numerous males. Increasing quantities of this two-component pheromone blend resulted in increasing captures of male CBT. This binary blend at a 10-mg dose caught more CBT males that did caged virgin CBT females. Eight other EAD-active acetates identified in extracts of pheromone glands failed to enhance attractiveness of the pheromone blend. These compounds may serve to reduce cross-attraction of heterospecific male moths or may play a role in courtship behaviour. Formulations of synthetic pheromone are being evaluated for management of the CBT using mass trapping or disorientation of male CBT moths.

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The spatial genetic differentiation of the legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata F. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) populations in West Africa

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485312000156 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 102 (5) ◽

pp. 589-599 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

T.A. Agunbiade ◽

B.S. Coates ◽

K.S. Kim ◽

D. Forgacs ◽

V.M. Margam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

West Africa ◽

Burkina Faso ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Geographic Distance ◽

Movement Pattern ◽

Maruca Vitrata ◽

Global Estimate ◽

Pod Borer ◽

Legume Pod Borer

AbstractThe legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata, is an endemic insect pest that causes significant yield loss to the cowpea crop in West Africa. The application of population genetic tools is important in the management of insect pests but such data on M. vitrata is lacking. We applied a set of six microsatellite markers to assess the population structure of M. vitrata collected at five sites from Burkina Faso, Niger and Nigeria. Observed polymorphisms ranged from one (marker 3393) to eight (marker 32008) alleles per locus. Observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.0 to 0.8 and 0.0 to 0.6, respectively. Three of the loci in samples from Nigeria and Burkina Faso deviated significantly from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE), whereas no loci deviated significantly in samples from Niger. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that 67.3% level of the genetic variation was within individuals compared to 17.3% among populations. A global estimate of FST=0.1 (ENA corrected FST=0.1) was significant (P⩽0.05) and corroborated by pairwise FST values that were significant among all possible comparisons. A significant correlation was predicted between genetic divergence and geographic distance between subpopulations (R2=0.6, P=0.04), and cluster analysis by the program STRUCTURE predicted that co-ancestry of genotypes were indicative of three distinct populations. The spatial genetic variance among M. vitrata in West Africa may be due to limited gene flow, south-north seasonal movement pattern or other reproductive barriers. This information is important for the cultural, chemical and biological control strategies for managing M. vitrata.

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Pheromone Blend Variation and Cross-Attraction Among Populations of the Black Cutworm Moth (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Annals of the Entomological Society of America ◽

10.1603/0013-8746(2000)093[1322:pbvaca]2.0.co;2 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 93 (6) ◽

pp. 1322-1328 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

César Gemeno ◽

Adel F. Lutfallah ◽

Kenneth F. Haynes

Keyword(s):

Black Cutworm ◽

Cross Attraction ◽

Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽

Pheromone Blend

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The legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), an important insect pest of cowpea: a review emphasizing West Africa

International Journal of Tropical Insect Science ◽

10.1007/s42690-019-00024-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 93-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

N. M. Ba ◽

J. E. Huesing ◽

C. L. Dabiré-Binso ◽

M. Tamò ◽

B. R. Pittendrigh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

West Africa ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Maruca Vitrata ◽

Pod Borer ◽

Legume Pod Borer

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Larval parasitoids occurring on Maruca vitrata Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Benin, West Africa

Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment ◽

10.1016/j.agee.2005.10.014 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 113 (1-4) ◽

pp. 320-325 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

D.Y. Arodokoun ◽

M. Tamò ◽

C. Cloutier ◽

J. Brodeur

Keyword(s):

West Africa ◽

Maruca Vitrata ◽

Larval Parasitoids ◽

Lepidoptera Pyralidae

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Effect of Pheromone-Mediated Mating Disruption on Pest Population Density of Maruca vitrata (Fabricius) (Crambidae: Lepidoptera)

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects11090558 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 558

Author(s):

Onkarappa Dhanyakumar ◽

Ramasamy Srinivasan ◽

Muthugounder Mohan ◽

Thiruvengadam Venkatesan ◽

Kamanur Murali Mohan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mating Disruption ◽

Maruca Vitrata ◽

Small Scale ◽

Damage Potential ◽

Egg Hatch ◽

Pod Borer ◽

Legume Pod Borer ◽

Bean Yield ◽

The Impact ◽

Pheromone Blend

The legume pod borer (Maruca vitrata) is one of the most serious legume pests due to its wide host range and high damage potential. Pheromone components on M. vitrata have been previously identified, allowing research on more environmentally friendly IPM tools for its control. M. vitrata produces a three-component pheromone blend containing (E, E)-10,12-hexadecadienal (major), (E, E)-10,12-hexadecadienol (minor), (E)-10-hexadecenal (minor). This study focused on the efficacy of synthetic pheromone lures and their blend components for mating disruption in M. vitrata. Under laboratory conditions, the mating behavior of M. vitrata pairs was observed from 18:00 to 02:00 h in an interval of 20 min to assess the efficacy of different pheromone lures. The scotophase behavior results show that the complete pheromone blend (E, E)-10,12-hexadecadienal + (E, E)-10,12-hexadecadienol + (E)-10-hexadecenal with a blend ratio of 1:1:1 effectively disrupted mating. The impact on mating disruption was evident from the lower fecundity and egg hatch/eclosion. The same lures were evaluated in a small-scale caged field study. The results show that the pheromone blend of (E, E)-10,12-hexadecadienal + (E, E)-10,12-hexadecadienol + (E)-10-hexadecenal in a1:1:1 ratio significantly disrupted the normal mating, leading to lower flower and pod damage and higher mung bean yield.

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