Sex Pheromone of the Alfalfa Plant Bug, Adelphocoris lineolatus: Pheromone Composition and Antagonistic Effect of 1-Hexanol (Hemiptera: Miridae)

AbstractThe sex pheromone composition of alfalfa plant bugs, Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze), from Central Europe was investigated to test the hypothesis that insect species across a wide geographical area can vary in pheromone composition. Potential interactions between the pheromone and a known attractant, (E)-cinnamaldehyde, were also assessed. Coupled gas chromatography-electroantennography (GC-EAG) using male antennae and volatile extracts collected from females, previously shown to attract males in field experiments, revealed the presence of three physiologically active compounds. These were identified by coupled GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and peak enhancement as hexyl butyrate, (E)-2-hexenyl butyrate and (E)-4-oxo-2-hexenal. A ternary blend of these compounds in a 5.4:9.0:1.0 ratio attracted male A. lineolatus in field trials in Hungary. Omission of either (E)-2-hexenyl-butyrate or (E)-4-oxo-2-hexenal from the ternary blend or substitution of (E)-4-oxo-2-hexenal by (E)-2-hexenal resulted in loss of activity. These results indicate that this Central European population is similar in pheromone composition to that previously reported for an East Asian population. Interestingly, another EAG-active compound, 1-hexanol, was also present in female extract. When 1-hexanol was tested in combination with the ternary pheromone blend, male catches were reduced. This compound showed a dose-response effect with small doses showing a strong behavioral effect, suggesting that 1-hexanol may act as a sex pheromone antagonist in A. lineolatus. Furthermore, when (E)-cinnamaldehyde was field tested in combination with the sex pheromone, there was no increase in male catch, but the combination attracted both males and females. Prospects for practical application are discussed.

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Sex pheromone of the alfalfa plant bug,Adelphocoris lineolatus

Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata ◽

10.1111/eea.12329 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 156 (3) ◽

pp. 263-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Tao Zhang ◽

Xiang-Dong Mei ◽

Yao-Fa Li ◽

Kaixin Zhang ◽

Kong-Ming Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sex Pheromone ◽

Alfalfa Plant ◽

Adelphocoris Lineolatus

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SEX PHEROMONE COMPONENT OF THE WESTERN BLACKHEADED BUDWORM, ACLERIS GLOVERANA WALSINGHAM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent1281135-6 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 128 (6) ◽

pp. 1135-1142 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

T.G. Gray ◽

R.F. Shepherd ◽

G. Gries ◽

R. Gries

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Sex Pheromone ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Pheromone Component ◽

Pheromone Gland ◽

Selected Ion Monitoring ◽

Electroantennographic Detection ◽

Trap Catches

Abstract(E)-11,13-Tetradecadienal (E11,13-14:Ald) is the major component of the sex pheromone of the western blackheaded budworm (WBB), Acleris gloverana Walsingham. The compound was identified in extracts of the female’s pheromone gland by coupled gas chromatographic - electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) and coupled GC - mass spectrometry in selected ion monitoring mode. In field experiments, E11,13-14:Ald by itself was attractive, but addition of (Z)-11,13-tetradecadienal doubled trap catches of male WBB. (E)-11,13-Tetradecadienol or (E)-11,13-tetradecadienyl acetate in binary or ternary combination with E11,13-14:Ald did not enhance attractiveness of the bait. In comparative assessments of five different trap designs, Uni-traps appeared to be the most suitable for use in pheromone-based monitoring of populations of WBB.

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Optimal Sex Pheromone Composition for Monitoring Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Korea

Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology ◽

10.1016/s1226-8615(08)60183-1 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 175-182 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Chung Ryul Jung ◽

Young Jin Park ◽

Kyung Saeng Boo

Keyword(s):

Sex Pheromone ◽

Spodoptera Exigua ◽

Pheromone Composition ◽

Lepidoptera Noctuidae

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SEX PHEROMONE COMPONENTS OF ENARMONIA FORMOSANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent13185-1 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 131 (1) ◽

pp. 85-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Crawford McNair ◽

Gerhard Gries ◽

Regine Gries

Keyword(s):

Sex Pheromone ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Mass Trapping ◽

Binary Blend ◽

Heterospecific Male ◽

Electroantennographic Detection ◽

Cross Attraction ◽

Pheromone Glands ◽

Pheromone Blend ◽

Enarmonia Formosana

Abstract(E)-9-Dodecenyl acetate (E9-12:OAc) and (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate (Z9-12:OAc) are major components of the sex pheromone of the cherry bark tortrix (CBT), Enarmonia formosana (Scopoli), in British Columbia. The compounds were identified in extracts of female pheromone glands by coupled gas chromatographic – electroantennographic detection (GC–EAD) and coupled GC – mass spectrometry. In field experiments, traps baited with E9-12:OAc or Z9-12:OAc singly were unattractive to male CBT, but in combination at ratios of 50:50 or 40:60 captured numerous males. Increasing quantities of this two-component pheromone blend resulted in increasing captures of male CBT. This binary blend at a 10-mg dose caught more CBT males that did caged virgin CBT females. Eight other EAD-active acetates identified in extracts of pheromone glands failed to enhance attractiveness of the pheromone blend. These compounds may serve to reduce cross-attraction of heterospecific male moths or may play a role in courtship behaviour. Formulations of synthetic pheromone are being evaluated for management of the CBT using mass trapping or disorientation of male CBT moths.

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Sex pheromone components of the cabbage armyworm, Mamestra brassicae: Isolation, identification and field experiments

Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata ◽

10.1111/j.1570-7458.1986.tb00522.x ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 153-155 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M. Veire ◽

P. Dirinck

Keyword(s):

Sex Pheromone ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Mamestra Brassicae ◽

Sex Pheromone Components ◽

Pheromone Components

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Sex pheromone composition of the variegated cutworm, Peridroma saucia (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in Korea

Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology ◽

10.1016/j.aspen.2009.01.004 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 71-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kyung San Choi ◽

Jum Rae Cho ◽

Jeong Heub Song ◽

Dong-Soon Kim ◽

Kyung Saeng Boo

Keyword(s):

Sex Pheromone ◽

Peridroma Saucia ◽

Pheromone Composition ◽

Variegated Cutworm ◽

Lepidoptera Noctuidae

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Beyond species recognition: somatic state affects long-distance sex pheromone communication

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2015.0832 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 282 (1812) ◽

pp. 20150832 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Johanna Chemnitz ◽

Petra C. Jentschke ◽

Manfred Ayasse ◽

Sandra Steiger

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Sex Pheromone ◽

Long Range ◽

Sex Pheromones ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Species Recognition ◽

Long Distance ◽

Central Processing ◽

Pheromone Emission ◽

Somatic State

Long-range sex pheromones have been subjected to substantial research with a particular focus on their biosynthesis, peripheral perception, central processing and the resulting orientation behaviour of perceivers. Fundamental to the research on sex attractants was the assumption that they primarily coordinate species recognition. However, especially when they are produced by the less limiting sex (usually males), the evolution of heightened condition dependence might be expected and long-range sex pheromones might, therefore, also inform about a signaller's quality. Here we provide, to our knowledge, the first comprehensive study of the role of a male's long-range pheromone in mate choice that combines chemical analyses, video observations and field experiments with a multifactorial manipulation of males' condition. We show that the emission of the long-distance sex pheromone of the burying beetle, Nicrophorus vespilloides is highly condition-dependent and reliably reflects nutritional state, age, body size and parasite load—key components of an individual's somatic state. Both, the quantity and ratio of the pheromone components were affected but the time invested in pheromone emission was largely unaffected by a male's condition. Moreover, the variation in pheromone emission caused by the variation in condition had a strong effect on the attractiveness of males in the field, with males in better nutritional condition, of older age, larger body size and bearing less parasites being more attractive. That a single pheromone is influenced by so many aspects of the somatic state and causes such variation in a male's attractiveness under field conditions was hitherto unknown and highlights the need to integrate indicator models of sexual selection into pheromone research.

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