Methodology for screening assessment of the presence of hospitalism in patients of gerontopsychiatric hospital

Summary. The aim of the study was to identify nosologically nonspecific signs of hospitalism in patients of a gerontopsychiatric hospital and to develop, on their basis, a method for screening diagnostics of hospitalism.Materials and methods. We examined 194 inpatients aged 55 to 91 years, hospitalism was detected in 102 people, 92 people made up the comparison group. The survey was carried out at the stage of preparation for discharge in the form of a semi-structured interview, supplemented by the collection of anamnestic and follow-up data.Results. The most common signs of hospitalism in this sample were the deterioration of the mental and somatic state before discharge (78% of the examined patients of the main group, a confidence interval (CI) of 68–85%), a long duration of the current hospitalization (73%, CI 64–82%), violations of compliance (73%, CI 63-81%), long duration of inpatient treatment in anamnesis (71%, CI 61-80%), deterioration soon after discharge (67%, CI 52-80%), a large number of hospitalizations during the entire period of illness (67%, CI 57-76%), lack of discharge intention (62%, CI 51-72%), tendency to increase the duration of hospitalizations (54%, CI 43-64%), high level of anxiety before discharge (50% , CI 34-66%), reduction in the intervals between hospitalizations (49%, CI 38-59%), p <0.05.Conclusion. The proposed methodology is intended for screening assessment of the presence of hospitalism and identification of the circle of persons for whom an in-depth assessment of social and psychological adaptation is advisable in order to prevent the adverse effects of hospitalization.

Effect of Playing Venue on Pre-Competition Cortisol Level and Competitive State Anxiety in University Basketball Players

The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of playing venue for pre-competition cortisol and state anxiety in university male basketball players. Ninety six players from public and private universities of Lahore have evaluated during eight competitive matches played at home (n=4) and away (n=4) venues. Blood samples were collected to analyze the cortisol concentrations by the ELISA assay and state anxiety was assessed using the CSAI-2 questionnaire. All the data collection took place before the pre-match warm-up. Data was analyzed by using paired sample t test. Results showed that cortisol was significantly (p-0.002) elevated on away ground, whereas, somatic state anxiety was markedly (p-0.001) increased on an opponents home ground. In conclusion, it is suggested that playing venue affects cortisol response and anxiety score values on away ground that results in psychological interventions for players to deal with all threats and stressful stimuli of playing venue factors affecting the players performance on an opponents home ground.

The state of the resident intestinal microbial association and its relationship with concentrations of dioxins in blood lipids of firefighters

Relevance. Career firefighters are involved in extreme activities, and their functional reserves are probabilistically disturbed. Toxic products of combustion can significantly affect their health state.Intention – To analyze and evaluate effects of blood lipid dioxins on the microbiome of the parietal intestinal flora in firefighters of the Federal Fire Service of the Emercom of Russia.Methodology. Relationships between the microbiota composition and concentrations of blood lipid dioxins were analyzed in firefighters vs Emercom employees not involved in firefighting (control group).Results and Discussion. Microbiota concentrations in firefighters were associated with levels of blood lipid dioxins. In firefighters with dioxins > 350 pg/g lipids in the blood, normal microflora concentrations significantly decreased and conditionally pathogenic microflora concentrations significantly increased compared to firefighters with lower concentrations of dioxins and the control group.Conclusion. Disturbances in the microbiome of the parietal intestinal flora in the examined firefighters are related to exposure to toxic products of combustion, including dioxins, during firefighting. The microbiome disorders detected in firefighters can predict development of the digestive tract pathology, thus necessitating control and targeted correction of the somatic state and microecological status of this contingent.

SOMATIC DISEASES IN CHILDREN WITH CONGENITAL LIP AND PALATE IN A REGION WITH INDUSTRIAL PETROCHEMICAL ECOTOXICANTS

Monitoring of congenital malformations and concomitant somatic diseases in children is one of the important indicators of the causal influence of environmental factors on the health of the population. From the moment of birth, a child with congenital cleft lip and palate differs significantly from healthy peers not only externally, but also morpho-functional features of the structure of the primary section of the digestive and respiratory systems and often has a greater number of previous diseases in the history. Purpose: To determine the structure and frequency of somatic morbidity in children with congenital cleft lip and palate in regions with petrochemical ecotoxicants. Materials and methods: During the study, 3463 children from birth to 16 years old with congenital cleft lip were treated and monitored at the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery at the Republican Children's Clinical Hospital, Ufa for the period from January 1, 1985 to December 31, 2019 and / or sky. The diagnosis of concomitant systemic pathology was recorded based on the findings of the district pediatricians, ENT doctor, gastroenterologist, immunologist, allergist, rheumatologist from outpatient and inpatient records of the examined patients. Conclusion. In the course of our study, a direct relationship was noted between the level of environmental pollution by ecotoxicants and the frequency of concomitant somatic diseases in children with congenital cleft lip and palate. This must be taken into account in the pre- and postoperative algorithm for the rehabilitation of children with congenital cleft lip and palate with the involvement of pediatricians to improve the general somatic state of children when planning reconstructive surgery.

PSYCHOEMOTIONAL FEATURES OF PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS

В наше время сахарный диабет является одним из наиболее распространенных хронических заболеваний. Он существенно влияет на качество жизни пациента. По данным литературы известно, что в лечении сахарного диабета акцент ставится на коррекцию соматического состояния пациентов. Психологический статус пациентов остается недостаточно изученным. У больных с сахарным диабетом часто выявляются изменения в психоэмоциональном состоянии. На фоне метаболических расстройств такие пациенты более подвержены воздействию стрессовых ситуаций, эмоциональному перенапряжению и негативным компонентам внешней среды, что существенно влияет на снижение ресурсов организма. Психоэмоциональные проблемы могут сыграть большую роль в течении и исходе данного заболевания. Поэтому можно утверждать, что изучение эмоционального и психического состояния пациентов с диагнозом «сахарный диабет» является важным аспектом в работе врача, т.к. от этого зависит успешность адаптации больного к условиям жизни, связанным с болезнью. In our time, diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases. It significantly affects the quality of life of the patient. According to the literature, it is known that in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, the emphasis is placed on the correction of the somatic state of patients. The psychological status of patients remains poorly understood. In patients with diabetes mellitus, changes in the psychoemotional state are often detected. Against the background of metabolic disorders, such patients are more susceptible to stressful situations, emotional overstrain and negative components of the external environment, which significantly affects the reduction of the body's resources. Psychoemotional problems can play a big role in the course and outcome of this disease. Therefore, it can be argued that the study of the emotional and mental state of patients with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus is an important aspect in the work of a doctor, since The success of the patient's adaptation to the living conditions associated with the disease depends on this.

External auditory canal exostoses: long-term surgical satisfaction and its relationship with surgical complications

Objective The main purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether complications related to surgery for exostoses are associated with a decrease in patients’ quality of life. Methods This was a retrospective study for which the following information was collected: sex, age, pre- and post-operative symptoms, pre- and post-operative audiological evaluation results, surgical approach, instruments used, complications, and Glasgow Benefit Inventory score. Results The study included 67 patients (94 ears). The three main complaints reported were wax retention, otitis externa and hearing loss. Surgical complications occurred in 14.9 per cent of patients. Patients experienced a significant benefit from surgery, especially in relation to somatic state, with a global Glasgow Benefit Inventory score of + 44.3. No significant difference was found between the global Glasgow Benefit Inventory changes and surgery-related complications (p = 0.093). Conclusion After surgery for exostoses, the vast majority of patients showed improvement. Complications related to surgery in general do not seem to influence patients’ satisfaction with surgery.

The problem of teenage tobacco smoking: yesterday, today, tomorrow

The global prevalence of tobacco and nicotine-containing product use has now reached epidemic proportions, a problem particularly relevant when it comes to adolescents. Major trends in the prevalence of tobacco use among adolescents include the flattening of gender differences, the decreasing age of initiation of smoking, and the emergence of alternative uses of nicotine-containing products. The main provisions of the book devoted to tobacco use prevention among children and teenagers as the problem of the present time, edited by professors N.A. Geppe, I.M. Osmanov, N.F. Gerasimenko with the participation of a large group of authors, published in 2021 by MedCom-Pro Publishing House are presented in this work. The issues of negative influence of tobacco and nicotine-containing products not only on the somatic state of teenage smokers but also on their psychological status are reflected. Health risks associated with smoking electronic cigarettes and vape cigarettes by adolescents are described, and the correlation between smoking electronic cigarettes by adolescents and the use of other psychoactive substances is noted. As an example of Russian experience of express-prevention of smoking among adolescents the program developed at the Department of Children's Diseases of Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University) by candidate of medical sciences N.G. Mashukova, candidate of medical sciences, "PARUS" (Teenage Anti-Smoking Russian Universal Training System), gave recommendations on prevention of tobacco smoking in children and teenagers in conditions of real pediatric practice, noted that introduction into practice of anti-smoking programs aimed at development of motivation to quit smoking is the most perspective measure in prevention of tobacco smoking in teenagers today.

Telomere length is highly repeatable and declines with more elaborate sexual ornamentation in a short-lived passerine

Quantifying an individual’s state as fitness proxy has proven challenging, but accumulating evidence suggests that telomere length and attrition may indicate individual somatic state and success at self-maintenance, respectively. Sexual ornamentation is also thought to signal phenotypic quality, but links between telomeres and sexual ornamentation have been little explored. To address this issue, we examined whether telomere length and dynamics are predicted by the expression of a sexually selected ornament, the length of outermost tail feathers (streamers), using longitudinal data from a population of European barn swallows (Hirundo rustica). We further assessed associations of telomere length with age, sex, breeding status and survival. Telomere length showed high individual repeatability (R = 0.97) across years while shortening with age in both sexes. Telomere length and dynamics were not significantly associated with survival to the next year, remaining lifespan or reproduction status (comparing breeding and non-breeding yearlings). Tail streamer length was negatively associated with telomere length, independent of sex. Thus, telomere length may reflect the costs of carrying an elaborated sexual ornament, although ornament size did not significantly predict telomere shortening. In conclusion, telomere length in adult barn swallows is a highly consistent trait and shows a negative relationship with sexual ornamentation, suggesting a trade-off between sexual ornamentation and telomere length.

Diagnostics, psychotherapy and psychoprophylaxis in the complex treatment of somatic patients with mental and behavioral disorders, who use alcohol with harmful effects

The article presents the results of a study of persons who filed somatic complaints to a general practitioner — family doctor in an outpatient clinic in Kyiv and use alcohol with harmful consequences. From the standpoint of evidencebased medicine, on the basis of an interdisciplinary approach, biological, psychological and social patterns of the formation of mental and behavioral disorders in persons who have consumed alcohol with harmful consequences have been determined. On this basis, a system of specialized medical care has been scientifically substantiated, developed and implemented, which is a complex of medical, psychological, educational and social measures developed taking into account the influence of biopsychosocial factors in the genesis of mental and behavioral disorders and aimed at preventing or eliminating clinical and psychopathological symptoms, reduction or refusal of respondents from using alcohol with harmful consequences and thereby improving their somatic state, reducing sick leave, ensuring a decent level of social functioning in everyday life. The specified system includes a combination of psychopharmacotherapeutic influences, differentiated depending on the clinical specifics of mental and behavioral disorders and types of personal and behavioral responses. The introduction of this system in health care institutions and specialized universities has proven its effectiveness in reducing clinical and psychopathological manifestations, as well as changes in the social functioning and quality of life of patients.

INFLUENCE OF THE THYROID GLAND ON THE COURSE OF TUBERCULOSIS

В 2018 году по данным Всемирной организации здравоохранения было выявлено более 10 млн. человек, заболевших туберкулезной инфекцией, 1,6 млн. из которых погибли. Причинами высокой смертности могли послужить: низкая эффективность лечения, множественная лекарственная толерантность к препаратам как первой, так и второй линий, применяемых в лечении, неосведомленность о соматическом состоянии пациентов, развитие побочных действий и снижение реактивности организма [1]. За последние годы по данным статистических обзоров во всем мире, в том числе и РФ, отмечается значительный рост числа больных, инфицированных мультирезистентными штаммами M.tuberculosis. В режимы химиотерапии таких больных включают большое количество противотуберкулезных препаратов, удлиняются сроки лечения, что способствует увеличению побочных реакций токсического характера, как от самих лекарственных препаратов, так и от их метаболитов. Также одним из возможных и недооцененных триггеров, влияющих на течение туберкулеза, может быть функциональное состояние щитовидной железы. Именно поэтому тиреоидный статус пациентов с туберкулезной инфекцией может играть значительную роль в развитии, течении и исходе данного заболевания. Так, проблемой современного медицинского общества может быть недостаточность знаний и отсутствие комплексных обследований полиморбидных пациентов, являющихся основой группы пациентов с туберкулезом легких In 2018, according to the world health organization, more than 10 million people were identified with tuberculosis infection, 1.6 million of whom died. The causes of high mortality could be: low effectiveness of treatment, multiple drug tolerance to both first-and second-line drugs used in treatment, lack of awareness of the somatic state of patients, the development of side effects and reduced reactivity of the body. [1] in recent years, according to statistical reviews all over the world, including the Russian Federation, there has been a significant increase in the number of patients infected with multi-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis. These data contribute to an increase in toxic adverse reactions both from the drugs themselves and from their metabolites. Also, one of the possible and underestimated triggers that affect the course of tuberculosis may be the functional state of the thyroid gland. That is why the thyroid status of patients with tuberculosis infection can play a significant role in the development, course and outcome of this disease. Thus, the problem of modern medical society may be the lack of knowledge and the lack of comprehensive examinations of polymorbid patients, which are the basis of the group of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis