Abstract
Background: Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a multifactorial syndrome caused by many risk factors, such as craniofacial anomalies, adenotonsillar hypertrophy, obesity and airway inflammation. Although new treatment patterns have been recently proposed, treatment methods for children have continued to be particularly challenging and controversial. This randomized controlled trial was designed to investigate the efficacy of adenotonsillectomy and/or orthodontic treatment for mild OSAHS children with mandibular rethognathia.Methods: A sample of 352 children with mild OSAHS and mandibular rethognathia, aged between 7 and 10 years, will be enrolled in the study. They will be randomized into four groups – the drug treatment group, or the surgical treatment group, or the orthodontic treatment group, or the surgery and postoperative orthodontic group. After randomization they will receive treatments within 4 weeks. Outcome assessment will take place at points: (1) at baseline, (2) 7 months after the treatment starting point, (3) 12 months after the treatment starting point, (3) 24 months after the treatment starting point. The primary endpoint of the trial is the mean change of obstructive apnea/hypopnea index. Other endpoints will consist of the lowest oxygen saturation, apnea index, and hypopnea index assessed by polysomnogram, subjective symptoms (assessed by questionnaire OSA-20), cephalometric measurements and Morphologic analysis of upper airway.Discussion: The results of this study will provide valuable evidence for merits and long-term efficacy of different treatment approaches and contribute to facilitate the multidisciplinary treatment of pediatric OSAHS.Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, ID: NCT03451318. Registered on 2 March 2018 (last update posted 19 April 2018).
The Development of an Internet-Based Treatment for Problem Gamblers and Concerned Significant Others: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
