Volumetric and Acoustic Behavior of d(+)-glucose and d(−)-fructose in Aqueous Trisodium Citrate Solutions at Different Temperatures

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harsh Kumar ◽  
Sheetal ◽  
Suresh Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Trisodium Citrate ◽  
Acoustic Behavior ◽  
Different Temperatures

scholarly journals Influence of Bath Additives on the Thermal Stability of the Nanostructure and Hardness of Ni Films Processed by Electrodeposition

Coatings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Kolonits ◽  
Zsolt Czigány ◽  
László Péter ◽  
Imre Bakonyi ◽  
Jeno Gubicza
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Defect Density ◽  
Trisodium Citrate ◽  
Free Sample ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Thermodynamic Driving Force ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Bath Additives

The effect of bath additives on the thermal stability of the microstructure and hardness of nanocrystalline Ni foils processed by electrodeposition was studied. Three samples with a thickness of 20 μ m were prepared: one without any additive and two others with saccharin or trisodium citrate additives. Then, the specimens were heat-treated at different temperatures up to 1000 K. It was found that for the additive-free sample the recovery of the microstructure and the reduction of the hardness started only at temperatures higher than 500 K. At the same time, a decrease of the defect density and hardness was observed even at 400 K for the additive-containing films. This was explained by the higher defect density, which increased the thermodynamic driving force for recovery during annealing. At the highest applied temperature (1000 K), this larger thermodynamic driving force resulted in a recrystallization in the sulfur-containing sample, leading to a very low hardness of about 1000 MPa as compared to the additive-free sample (1300 MPa). On the other hand, the sample deposited with trisodium citrate additive showed a better thermal stability at 1000 K than the additive-free sample: the hardness remained as high as 2000 MPa even at 1000 K.

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