scholarly journals Flow theory: Advancing the two-dimensional conceptualization

Author(s):  
Raymond Lavoie ◽  
Kelley Main ◽  
Anastasia Stuart-Edwards

AbstractThis research advances the conceptualization and measurement of flow. The results of six studies (N = 2809) reveal that flow has two dimensions: “fluency,” which is comprised of experiences related to fluent thought and action; and “absorption,” which is based on sustained full attention. The results also demonstrate that the two dimensions have nuanced relationships with other variables. Specifically, while the fluency dimension is related to antecedents of flow (familiarity, skill, progress), the absorption dimension is not. Conversely, the absorption dimension was found to be strongly related to consequences of flow (behavioral intentions, presence), while the fluency dimension was not. Furthermore, we demonstrate that fluency-related experiences can give rise to the absorption-related experiences, which advances our understanding of how flow emerges. Finally, we develop a refined measure of flow called the two-dimensional-flow scale, and demonstrate its enhanced ability to capture variance in flow and other related variables in leisure contexts.

1956 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Young

SummaryDetailed calculations based on linearised supersonic flow theory have demonstrated in a number of cases the equivalence between the wave drags of yawed or swept wings of constant section and zero lift and the corresponding values in two-dimensional flow. These results and others are shown to follow readily from a general theorem for which a simple proof is given. Some interesting deductions are illustrated in Fig. 3.


1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-262
Author(s):  
P. Gestoso ◽  
A. J. Muller ◽  
A. E. Saez

Author(s):  
Gabriel Machado dos Santos ◽  
Ítalo Augusto Magalhães de Ávila ◽  
Hélio Ribeiro Neto ◽  
João Marcelo Vedovoto

Open Physics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
Shiyang Liu ◽  
Xuefu Zhang ◽  
Feng Gao ◽  
Liangwen Wei ◽  
Qiang Liu ◽  
...  

AbstractWith the rapid development of traffic infrastructure in China, the problem of crystal plugging of tunnel drainage pipes becomes increasingly salient. In order to build a mechanism that is resilient to the crystal plugging of flocking drainage pipes, the present study used the numerical simulation to analyze the two-dimensional flow field distribution characteristics of flocking drainage pipes under different flocking spacings. Then, the results were compared with the laboratory test results. According to the results, the maximum velocity distribution in the flow field of flocking drainage pipes is closely related to the transverse distance h of the fluff, while the longitudinal distance h of the fluff causes little effect; when the transverse distance h of the fluff is less than 6.25D (D refers to the diameter of the fluff), the velocity between the adjacent transverse fluffs will be increased by more than 10%. Moreover, the velocity of the upstream and downstream fluffs will be decreased by 90% compared with that of the inlet; the crystal distribution can be more obvious in the place with larger velocity while it is less at the lower flow rate. The results can provide theoretical support for building a mechanism to deal with and remove the crystallization of flocking drainage pipes.


1951 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 254-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Whitehead ◽  
L. Y. Wu ◽  
M. H. L. Waters

SummmaryA method of design is given for wind tunnel contractions for two-dimensional flow and for flow with axial symmetry. The two-dimensional designs are based on a boundary chosen in the hodograph plane for which the flow is found by the method of images. The three-dimensional method uses the velocity potential and the stream function of the two-dimensional flow as independent variables and the equation for the three-dimensional stream function is solved approximately. The accuracy of the approximate method is checked by comparison with a solution obtained by Southwell's relaxation method.In both the two and the three-dimensional designs the curved wall is of finite length with parallel sections upstream and downstream. The effects of the parallel parts of the channel on the rise of pressure near the wall at the start of the contraction and on the velocity distribution across the working section can therefore be estimated.


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