Formation of locomotor patterns in decerebrate cats in conditions of epidural stimulation of the spinal cord

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. P. Gerasimenko ◽  
I. A. Lavrov ◽  
I. N. Bogacheva ◽  
N. A. Shcherbakova ◽  
V. I. Kucher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Epidural Stimulation ◽  
Locomotor Patterns ◽  
Decerebrate Cats ◽  
Stimulation Of

The role of cutaneous afferents in controlling locomotion evoked by epidural stimulation of the spinal cord in decerebrate cats

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 695-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Yu. Dorofeev ◽  
V. D. Avelev ◽  
N. A. Shcherbakova ◽  
Yu. P. Gerasimenko
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cutaneous Afferents ◽  
Epidural Stimulation ◽  
Decerebrate Cats ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Comparison of operation of spinal locomotor networks activated by supraspinal commands and by epidural stimulation of the spinal cord in cats

2020 ◽  
Vol 598 (16) ◽  
pp. 3459-3483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel E. Musienko ◽  
Vladimir F. Lyalka ◽  
Oleg V. Gorskii ◽  
Natalia Merkulyeva ◽  
Yuri P. Gerasimenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Epidural Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Locomotor-Activated Neurons of the Cat. I. Serotonergic Innervation and Co-Localization of 5-HT7, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT1A Receptors in the Thoraco-Lumbar Spinal Cord

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 1560-1576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian R. Noga ◽  
Dawn M. G. Johnson ◽  
Mirta I. Riesgo ◽  
Alberto Pinzon
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Lumbar Spinal Cord ◽  
Lumbar Spinal ◽  
Rostrocaudal Gradient ◽  
Activity Dependent ◽  
Decerebrate Cats ◽  
Intermediolateral Nucleus ◽  
Serotonergic Modulation ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Serotonergic Innervation

Monoamines are strong modulators and/or activators of spinal locomotor networks. Thus monoaminergic fibers likely contact neurons involved in generating locomotion. The aim of the present study was to investigate the serotonergic innervation of locomotor-activated neurons within the thoraco-lumbar spinal cord following induction of hindlimb locomotion. This was determined by immunohistochemical co-localization of serotonin (5-HT) fibers or 5-HT7/5-HT2A/5-HT1A receptors with cells expressing the activity-dependent marker c-fos. Experiments were performed on paralyzed, decerebrate cats in which locomotion was induced by electrical stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region. Abundant c-fos immunoreactive cells were observed in laminae VII and VIII throughout the thoraco-lumbar segments of locomotor animals. Control sections from the same segments showed significantly fewer labeled neurons, mostly within the dorsal horn. Multiple serotonergic boutons were found in close apposition to the majority (80–100%) of locomotor cells, which were most abundant in lumbar segments L3–7. 5-HT7 receptor immunoreactivity was observed on cells across the thoraco-lumbar segments (T7–L7), in a dorsoventral gradient. Most locomotor-activated cells co-localized with 5-HT7, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT1A receptors, with largest numbers in laminae VII and VIII. Co-localization of c-fos and 5-HT7 receptor was highest in the L5–L7 segments (>90%) and decreased rostrally (to ∼50%) due to the absence of receptors on cells within the intermediolateral nucleus. In contrast, 60–80 and 35–80% of c-fos immunoreactive cells stained positive for 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A receptors, respectively, with no rostrocaudal gradient. These results indicate that serotonergic modulation of locomotion likely involves 5-HT7/5-HT2A/5-HT1A receptors located on the soma and proximal dendrites of serotonergic-innervated locomotor-activated neurons within laminae VII and VIII of thoraco-lumbar segments.

Percutaneous epidural stimulation of the spinal cord for relief of pain

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno J. Urban ◽  
Blaine S. Nashold
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Dorsal Column ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Percutaneous Technique ◽  
Intractable Pain ◽  
Epidural Stimulation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Major Operation ◽  
Stimulation Of

✓ Percutaneous epidural stimulation of the spinal cord was carried out in 20 patients with intractable pain. The procedure proved simple, and no major complications were encountered. The long-term results were comparable to the results obtained after a dorsal column stimulator implant by laminectomy. The percutaneous technique allowed extended trial stimulation without committing the patient to a major operation. Those patients in whom stimulation did not alleviate pain could be identified during a 2-week observation period, and the system could be removed easily. Seven patients were placed on chronic autostimulation and only one of those failed to experience continuing pain relief throughout the follow-up time of up to 2 years. It is concluded that percutaneous epidural stimulation constitutes a valid alternative to dorsal column stimulator implantation.

Coupling between respiratory and stepping rhythms during locomotion in decerebrate cats

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kawahara ◽  
S. Kumagai ◽  
Y. Nakazono ◽  
Y. Miyamoto
Keyword(s):  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Respiratory Rhythm ◽  
Mesencephalic Locomotor Region ◽  
Left Hemidiaphragm ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Locomotor Patterns ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscles ◽  
Spontaneously Breathing ◽  
Decerebrate Cats ◽  
Stimulation Of

To determine whether and how the strength of coupling between respiratory and stepping rhythms varies depending on locomotor patterns, correlation analysis was done of diaphragmatic and gastrocnemius muscle activities. In spontaneously breathing cats decerebrated at the precollicular-post-mammillary level, tonic electrical stimulation was delivered to the mesencephalic locomotor region to induce locomotion on a treadmill. Electromyograms were recorded from the left hemidiaphragm and the bilateral gastrocnemius muscles. Various locomotor patterns were elicited by changes in the belt speed of the treadmill and in the intensity of stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region. Cross-correlograms between diaphragmatic and gastrocnemius activities showed that coupling was absent or weak when the cats walked slowly. The strength of locomotor-respiratory coupling tended to increase as the mean stepping interval shortened. When the animals were galloping, the respiratory rhythm was entrained 1:1 with the stepping rhythm. This study showed that the strength of coupling between respiratory and stepping rhythms varied depending on the locomotor patterns elicited, especially on whether the animals were running.

The Effect of Percutaneous Epidural Stimulation of the Spinal Cord for Brachial Plexopathy

1993 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 333
Author(s):  
Sang Chul Lee ◽  
Ik Hyun Choe ◽  
Sang Min Lee ◽  
Hae Kyoung Kim ◽  
Yong Lak Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Brachial Plexopathy ◽  
Epidural Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

Mechanism for Activation of Locomotor Centers in the Spinal Cord by Stimulation of the Mesencephalic Locomotor Region

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 1464-1478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian R. Noga ◽  
Dean J. Kriellaars ◽  
Robert M. Brownstone ◽  
Larry M. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Fictive Locomotion ◽  
Mesencephalic Locomotor Region ◽  
Spinal Interneurons ◽  
Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials ◽  
Conduction Velocities ◽  
Decerebrate Cats ◽  
Ventral Funiculus ◽  
Stimulation Of

The synaptic pathways of mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR)-evoked excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs and IPSPs) recorded from lumbar motoneurons of unanesthetized decerebrate cats during fictive locomotion were analyzed prior to, during, and after cold block of the medial reticular formation (MedRF) or the low thoracic ventral funiculus (VF). As others have shown, electrical stimulation of the MLR typically evoked short-latency excitatory or mixed excitatory/inhibitory PSPs in flexor and extensor motoneurons. The bulbospinal conduction velocities averaged ∼88 m/s (range: 62–145 m/s) and segmental latencies for EPSPs ranged from 1.2 to 10.9 ms. The histogram of segmental latencies showed three peaks, suggesting di-, tri-, and polysynaptic linkages. Segmental latencies for IPSPs suggested trisynaptic or polysynaptic transmission. Most EPSPs (69/77) were significantly larger during the depolarized phase of the intracellular locomotor drive potential (LDP), and most IPSPs (35/46) were larger during the corresponding hyperpolarized phase. Bilateral cooling of the MedRF reversibly abolished locomotion of both hindlimbs as measured from the electroneurogram (ENG) activity of muscle nerves and simultaneously abolished or diminished the motoneuron PSPs and LDPs. Unilateral cooling of the VF blocked locomotion ipsilaterally and diminished it contralaterally with concomitant loss or decrease the motoneuron PSPs and LDPs. Relative to the side of motoneuron recording, cooling of the ipsilateral VF sometimes uncovered longer-latency EPSPs, whereas cooling of the contralateral VF abolished longer-latency EPSPs. It is concluded that MLR stimulation activates a pathway that relays in the MedRF and descends bilaterally in the VF to contact spinal interneurons that project to motoneurons. Local segmental pathways that activate or inhibit motoneurons during MLR-evoked fictive locomotion appear to be both ipsilateral and contralateral.

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